ispltaИзвестия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академииIzvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii2079-43042658-5871СПбГЛТУ10.21266/2079-4304.2022.241.120-141isplta-182Research ArticleЛЕСНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВОFORESTRYАнализ молекулярно-генетических механизмов устойчивости березы и дуба к дефициту воды и азотаAnalysis of Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Birch and Oak Resistance to Water and Nitrogen DeficiencyРомашкинаИ. В.RomashkinaI. V.

РОМАШКИНА Ирина Владимировна – ведущий научный сотрудник; кандидат биологических наук

141202, ул. Институтская, д. 15, г. Пушкино, Московская область

Web of Science ResearcherID: E-8696-2014

ROMASHKINA Irina V. – PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher; research assistant

141202. Institutskaya str. 15. Pushkino. Moscow region

Web of Science ResearcherID: E-8696-2014

densiflora@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8491-2888ТихомироваТ. С.TikhomirovaT. S.

ТИХОМИРОВА Татьяна Сергеевна – научный сотрудник

142290, ул. Институтская, д. 7, г. Пущино, Московская обл.

Web of Science ResearchID: R-7871-2016

Scopus AuthorID: 57202858627

TIKHOMIROVA Tatyana S. – research assistant

142290. Institutskaya str. 7. Pushchino. Moscow Region

Web of Science ResearchID: R-7871-2016

Scopus AuthorID: 57202858627

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-6433ШестибратовК. А.ShestibratovK. A.

ШЕСТИБРАТОВ Константин Александрович – руководитель группы лесной биотехнологии, кандидат биологических наук

142290, пр. Науки, д. 6, г. Пущино, Московская область

Web of Science ResearcherID: J-5288-2018

SHESTIBRATOV Konstantin A. – PhD (Bilology), Head of forest biotechnology group

142290. Science av. 6. Puschino. Moscow region

Web of Science ResearcherID: J-5288-2018

ФБУ Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лесоводства и механизации лесного хозяйства; ФГБУН Филиал Института биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАНРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФГБУН ФИЦ ПНЦБИ РАН Институт биологического приборостроения с опытным производством РАН; ФГБУН Филиал Института биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАНРоссияInstitute for Biological Instrumentation, FRC PSCBR Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences»; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФГБУН Филиал Института биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А, Овчинникова РАНРоссияShemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2022290220240241120141Copyright © Ромашкина И.В., Тихомирова Т.С., Шестибратов К.А., 20242024Ромашкина И.В., Тихомирова Т.С., Шестибратов К.А.Romashkina I.V., Tikhomirova T.S., Shestibratov K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/182

В статье представлен обзор литературных данных по вопросу молекулярно-генетических механизмов устойчивости березы и дуба к дефициту воды и азота. Анализ транскриптомной активности генов, реагирующих на абиотические стрессы, дает возможность осуществления целенаправленной селекции генетически улучшенных форм для нужд эффективного лесовосстановления, а также создания лесных плантаций. Молекулярно-генетический ответ на засуху более изучен для древесных растений, чем дефицит азота. По сравнению с Betula sp., ранний ответ Quercus sp. на засуху менее интенсивный и выражается в подавлении метаболической активности и активации систем поддержания роста после стресса. При длительном воздействии засухи наблюдается интенсивное восстановление клеточной стенки, связанное с биосинтезом целлюлозы и лигнина. Наблюдаются активные процессы нейтрализации активных форм кислорода и биосинтез антиоксидантов. Во время раннего ответа Betula sp. на засуху наблюдается высокий уровень экспрессии генов, связанных со снижением потерь воды. Защита от засухи также включает контроль закрытия устьиц и активацию генов, ассоциированных с ответом на осмотический стресс. Среди генов-кандидатов ответа на засуху у видов дуба были идентифицированы транскрипционные факторы, белки теплового шока, белки-транспортеры и др. По результатам аналитического обзора литературы составлен список дифференциально экспрессируемых генов (ДЭГ), идентифицированных у березы и дуба в ответ на засуху. Если молекулярно-генетические механизмы засухоустойчивости древесных растений изучены в достаточной степени, определено множество генов-кандидатов, участвующих в реакции на стресс, и могут быть в дальнейшем рекомендованы для целенаправленной селекции, то вопрос адаптации древесных растений к дефициту азота слабо изучен и представляется весьма актуальным для дальнейших исследований.

The article presents a review of the literature about molecular and genetic mechanisms of birch and oak resistance to water and nitrogen deficiency. Analysis of the transcriptome activity of genes that respond to abiotic stresses makes it possible to carry out targeted selection for the purpose of effective reforestation, as well as the creation of forest plantations. The molecular genetic response to drought has been more studied in woody plants than nitrogen deficiency. Compared to Betula sp., the early response of Quercus sp. to drought is less intense and is expressed in the suppression of metabolic activity and activation of growth maintenance systems after stress. With prolonged exposure to drought, intensive сell wall remodeling is observed, associated with the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin. Active processes of neutralization of reactive oxygen species and biosynthesis of antioxidants are observed. During the early response of Betula sp. drought, a high level of expression of genes associated with a decrease in water loss is observed. Drought protection also includes control of stomatal closure and activation of genes associated with the response to osmotic stress. Among candidate genes for response to drought in oak species, transcription factors, heat shock proteins, transporter proteins, etc. were identified. Based on the results of an analytical review of the literature, a list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in birch and oak in response to drought was compiled. If the molecular genetic mechanisms of drought resistance in woody plants have been studied to a sufficient extent, many candidate genes involved in the stress response have been identified and can be further recommended for targeted breeding, then the issue of adaptation of woody plants to nitrogen deficiency is poorly studied and seems to be very relevant for further research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.