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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">isplta</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-4304</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5871</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЛТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21266/2079-4304.2022.241.157-172</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">isplta-184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕСНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FORESTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вызовы и проблемы реформирования лесного хозяйства России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Challenges and problems of reforming the forestry sector in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6828-4367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шварц</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvarts</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ШВАРЦ Евгений Аркадьевич – руководитель, профессор ф-та географии и геоинформационных технологий ВШЭ, доктор географических наук, заслуженный эколог РФ</p><p>119017, Старомонетный пер., д. 29, стр. 4, каб. 10, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SHVARTS Evgeny A. – DSc (Geography), Head; rofessor, Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Technologies</p><p>119017. Staromonetny lane 29, room. 10. Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.a.shvarts@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шматков</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmatkov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ШМАТКОВ Николай Михайлович – директор добровольной лесной сертификации «Лесной эталон», главный редактор журнала «Устойчивое лесопользование»</p><p>125047, ул. 2-я Брестская, д. 46, стр. 1, эт. 3, оф. 6, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SHMATKOV Nikolai M. – director of Voluntary Forest Certification System Forest Etalon, editor-in-chief of the journal «Sustainable Forest Managemen</p><p>125047. 2-ya Brestskaya str. 46, b. 1, floor 3, office 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.shmatkov@forest-etalon.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-6228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпачевский</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpachevsky</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КАРПАЧЕВСКИЙ Михаил Львович – менеджер по управлению проектами системы добровольной лесной сертификации «Лесной эталон»</p><p>125047, ул. 2-я Брестская, д. 46, стр. 1, эт.3, оф. 6, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>KARPACHEVSKIY Mikhail L. – Projects Manager at Voluntary Forest Certification System Forest Etalon</p><p>125047. 2-ya Brestskaya str. 46, b. 1, floor 3, office 6. Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.karpachevskiy@forest-etalon.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-5682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байбар</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baibar</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>БАЙБАР Анастасия Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник; инженер-исследователь</p><p>119017, Старомонетный пер., д. 29, стр. 4, каб. 10, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>BAIBAR Anastasia S. – Junior Researcher; Research Engineer</p><p>119017. Staromonetny lane 29, room. 10. Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baybar@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр ответственного природопользования ИГ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for responsible use of natural resources, IG RAS; HSE, Honored Ecologist of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международная лаборатория ландшафтной экологии НИУ ВШЭ; ИГ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International Laboratory of Landscape Ecology, HSE; IG RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>241</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шварц Е.А., Шматков Н.М., Карпачевский М.Л., Байбар А.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шварц Е.А., Шматков Н.М., Карпачевский М.Л., Байбар А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shvarts E.A., Shmatkov N.M., Karpachevsky M.L., Baibar A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/184">https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/184</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на неэффективность «универсальной» модели лесного хозяйства, результатом которой является истощение доступных лесных ресурсов для лесной промышленности, завышение в 2-3 раза расчетной лесосеки в ряде лесопромышленных регионов, уменьшение площади и доли в насаждениях твердолиственных пород и кедровых сосен, а также возрастание темпов утраты малонарушенных массивов первичных лесов, органы управления лесным хозяйством России стремятся сохранять традиционное экстенсивное лесное хозяйство. Профильные ведомства, вопреки принятым в 2013–2018 гг., стратегическим документам по развитию лесного комплекса, не стимулируют на практике переход к интенсивному лесному хозяйству. Последнее требует брать арендную плату за единицу площади аренды; переход лесопользования на рубки по «диаметру» зрелости и т. п. Переход от экстенсивной модели на модель интенсивного использования и восстановления лесов экономически выгоден в регионах с более высокой биопродуктивностью лесных земель, с большей плотностью лесных дорог и развитой инфраструктурой. Представляется актуальной задача пространственной демаргинализации лесного комплекса страны – сдвиг лесосырьевой базы и инфраструктуры переработки из северной тайги ЕТС и Средней и Восточной Сибири во вторичные леса зоны хвойно- широколиственных и южно-таежных лесов ЕТС с достаточно развитой и более густой дорожной сетью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inefficiency of the «universal» traditional forestry model, which results in depletion of available forest resources for forestry industry, an overestimation of allowable cut in forestry regions by 2-3 times, and a decrease in area and share the most valuable and ecologically significant hardwoods and cedar pines, as well as an increase in the rate of intact primary forests loss. . The departments in charge, contrary to strategic governmental documents adopted in 2013–2018, do not take steps to stimulate transition to an intensive forestry model, which requires to charge fees based on a unit of leased area, and not the volume of cut wood; the transition of forest management to felling based on tree diameter instead on the tree age, etc. It is obvious that the transition to a model of intensive use and restoration of forests is more economically beneficial in regions with higher biological productivity of forest lands, with a greater density of forest roads and more developed infrastructure. The problem of spatial demarginalization of the country's forest complex seems to be an urgent task – the shift of forest resource base and processing infrastructure from the northern taiga of European Russia (ER) and Central and Eastern Siberia to secondary forests of coniferous-broad-leaved and southern taiga forests in ER with a developed and denser road network (6-7 km per 1000 ha and above). This position is confirmed by growth of investments in timber processing and production of wood-based panels, sheet materials, etc. by private companies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интенсивная и экстенсивная модели лесного хозяйства</kwd><kwd>пространственная демаргинализация лесного комплекса</kwd><kwd>учет изменений климата при ведении лесного хозяйства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intensive and extensive models of forestry</kwd><kwd>spatial demarginalization of the forest complex</kwd><kwd>accounting for climate change in forestry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы государственного задания Института географии РАН АААА-А19-119021990093-8 (FMGE-2019-0007). 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