<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">isplta</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-4304</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5871</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЛТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21266/2079-4304.2024.249.22-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">isplta-324</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕСНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FORESTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние покрытия волоков порубочными остатками на повреждаемость почв при разработке лесосек в северной подзоне тайги</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of felling residues reinforcement of the strip roads on soil damage after logging operations in the northern taiga subzone</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-4665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильинцев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilintsev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильинцев Алексей Сергеевич - старший научный сотрудник СевНИИЛХ, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук.</p><p>163062, ул. Никитова, д. 13, Архангельск</p><p>WoS Resercher ID N-6286-2019, AuthorlD 849116</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey S. Ilintsev - PhD (Agriculture), Senior researcher, Northern Research Institute of Forestry.</p><p>Nikitova str. 13, Arkhangelsk, 163062</p><p>WoS ResercherID N-6286-2019, AuthorlD 849116</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.ilintsev@narfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7360-3975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наквасина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nakvasina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наквасина Елена Николаевна - профессор САФУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук.</p><p>163002, наб. Северной Двины, д. 17, Архангельск</p><p>WoS ResercherID A-5165-2013, ScopusID 35389250000, AuthorlD 132027</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Nakvasina - DSc (Agriculture), Professor, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov.</p><p>Severnaya Dvina emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163062</p><p>WoS ResercherID A-5165-2013, ScopusID 35389250000, AuthorID 132027</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.nakvasina@narfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северный научно-исследовательский институт лесного хозяйства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern Research Institute of Forestry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северный (Арктический) Федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>249</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ильинцев А.С., Наквасина Е.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ильинцев А.С., Наквасина Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilintsev A.S., Nakvasina E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/324">https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/324</self-uri><abstract><p>Для условий лесосек с избыточным увлажнением почв важно определить возможности их защиты хворостяной подушкой из порубочных остатков, укладываемых на волоки, при разработке низкобонитетных древостоев. Это необходимо для корректировки технологических параметров разработки лесосек в северной подзоне тайги (Архангельская область) в связи с уязвимостью почвенно-растительного покрова. В пределах лесосеки, разрабатываемой комплексом лесозаготовительной техники, подобрали участки с 4 проездами форвардера, груженого 20 м3 еловых и березовых сортиментов. Исходный участок леса представлен ельником черничным V класса бонитета, состава 8Е2Б+С, произрастающим на почвах с двучленными отложениями (верх профиля - супесчаный, низ - тяжелосуглинистый). Провели детальное изучение строения колей, вскрывали почвогрунт и делали описание горизонтов/слоев почвы, определили влажность, твердость и плотность сложения в толще 0-20 см. В качестве контроля отбирали подобные образцы на пасеке. В камеральных условиях определили плотность твердой фазы и рассчитали скважности общую и аэрации (F). Установили, что применение порубочных остатков в объеме 0,008 м3/м2, что характерно для данного типа леса, при минимальном числе проездов техники не исключает негативных последствий повреждения почвенно-растительного покрова, однако способно минимизировать их. Прежде всего, исключается образование колейности в местах проезда груженой техники. Негативное воздействие проявляется в уплотнении лесной подстилки, однако хворостяная подушка из порубочных остатков предохраняет 20-сантиметровую толщу почвы от уплотнения и нарушения водно-воздушного режима, по сравнению с колеями, формирующимися при проезде по непокрытым хворостяной подушкой волокам. При большем числе проездов имеющейся толщи порубочных остатков может не хватить, и повреждения могут быть выше.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For the conditions of cutting areas with excessive soil moisture, it is important to determine the possibilities of protecting them with a brush mats of felling residues on strip roads when felling low-bonity tree stands. This is necessary to adjust the technological parameters of the development of cutting areas in the northern taiga subzone (Arkhangelsk region) due to the vulnerability of the soil and vegetation cover. Within the boundaries of the cutting area, which was developed by a complex of logging machinery, we selected plots with 4 forwarder passages loaded with 20 m3 of spruce and birch assortments. The initial area of the forest was represented by blueberry spruce of the V class of bonitet, the stand composition was 80 percent represented by spruce, 20 percent by birch, and pine was a single, growing on soils with binomial deposits (the top of the profile is sandy loam, the bottom is silty clay). We conducted a detailed study of the structure of the ruts, opened the soil and made a description of the horizons / soil layers, determined the moisture, penetration resistance and bulk density in the thickness of 0-20 cm. As a control, we selected similar samples at the cutting strips. The laboratory determined the particle density and calculated the total porosity and porosity of aeration. It was found that the use of felling residues in the amount of 0.008 m3/m2, which is typical for this forest type, with a minimum number of vehicle passes does not exclude the negative consequences of damage to the soil and vegetation cover, but is able to minimize them. First of all, this excludes the formation of ruts in the places where loaded vehicles passed. The negative impact is manifested in the compaction of the forest floor, however, a brush mats of felling residues protects the 20-cm - thickness of the soil from compaction and disturbance of the water-air regime, compared with the ruts on strip roads without felling residues. With a larger number of vehicle passes, the available thickness of the felling residues may not be enough, and the damage may be higher.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лесозаготовительная техника</kwd><kwd>волока</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>уплотнение</kwd><kwd>защита порубочными остатками</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>logging machinery</kwd><kwd>strip roads</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>compaction</kwd><kwd>protection by felling residues</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-76-01014, https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-01014/. Авторы выражают благодарность начальнику отдела лесоуправления ООО «Регион-лес» А.В. Студенцову, инженеру по лесопользованию ООО «Двинлеспром» А.Л. Лябзину и работникам ООО «Двинлеспром», принимавшим участие в планировании и постановке эксперимента на лесосеке, а также С.А. Рай и Е.А. Рай за помощь в постановке модельного эксперимента.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вадбольская Ю.Е., Азаренок В.А. Снижение воздействия лесных машин на почву при рубках ухода // Леса России и хозяйство в них. 2015. № 3 (54). С. 36-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ampoorter E., Schrijver A., Nevel L., Hermy M., Verheyen K. Impact of mechanized harvesting on compaction of sandy and clayey forest soils: results of a meta-analysis. Annals of Forest Science, 2012, vol. 69, pp. 543-562. DOI: 10.1007/s13595-012-0199-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галактионов О.Н., Кузнецов А.В. Формирование структуры лесотранспортных путей лесосеки на лесотипологической основе // Ученые записки Петрозаводского государственного университета. 2011. № 8. С. 81-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cambi M., Certini G., Fabiano F., Foderi C., Laschi A., Picchio R. Impact of wheeled and tracked tractors on soil physical properties in a mixed conifer stand. iForest, 2015, vol. 9, pp. 89-94. DOI: 10.3832/ifor1382-008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галактионов О.Н., Кузнецов А.В., Пискунов М.А. Характеристики настила из лесосечных отходов и состояние грунта на трелевочном волоке // Ученые записки Петрозаводского государственного университета. 2009. № 7. С. 90-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Druchinin D.Yu. Povrezhdenie lesnoj pochvenno-rastitel'noj sredy pri provedenii lesozagotovitel'nyh rabot [Damage to the forest soil and plant environment after logging operations]. Lesozagotovitel'noe proizvodstvo: problemy i resheniya: materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj konferencii [Logging production: problems and solutions: materials of the International Scientific and Technical Conference]. Minsk: BGTU, 2017. pp. 84-87. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьев И.В., Жукова А.И., Григорьева О.И., Иванов А.В. Средощадящие технологии разработки лесосек в условиях Северо-Западного региона Российской Федерации: монография. СПб: Изд-во СПбГЛТА, 2008. 317 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ezzati S., Najafi A., Rab M.A., Zenner E.K. Recovery of soil bulk density, porosity and rutting from ground skidding over a 20-year period after timber harvesting in Iran. Silva Fennica, 2012, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 521-538. DOI: 10.14214/sf.908</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дручинин Д.Ю. Повреждение лесной почвенно-растительной среды при проведении лесозаготовительных работ // Лесозаготовительное производство: проблемы и решения: матер. Междунар. науч.-технич. конф.. Минск: Белорусский государственный технологический университет, 2017. С. 84-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galaktionov O.N., Kuznetsov A.V. Formirovanie struktury lesotransportnyh putej lesoseki na lesotipologicheskoj osnove. Uchenye zapiski petrozavodskogo state university, 2011, no. 8, pp. 81-84. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заикин А.Н., Никитин В.В., Щербаков Е.Н., Муковнина М.В. Методика снижения объемов техногенного воздействия лесосечных машин на лесные экосистемы на основе математического моделирования режимов их работы // Лесной вестник. 2018. Т. 22. № 5. С. 54-61. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2018-5-54-61</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galaktionov O.N., Kuznetsov A.V., Piskunov M.A. Harakteristiki nastila iz lesosechnyh othodov i sostoyanie grunta na trelevochnom voloke. Uchenye Zapiski petrozavodskogo state university, 2009, no. 7, pp. 90-95. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильинцев А.С., Наквасина Е.Н. Образование колейности при проходе лесозаготовительной техники в ельниках на двучленных породах // Известия Санкт- Петербургской лесотехнической академии. 2021. Вып. 237. С. 168-182. DOI: 10.21266/2079-4304.2021.237.168-182</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigor'ev I.V., Zhukova A.I., Grigor'eva O.I., Ivanov A.V. Sredoshchadyashchie tekhnologii razrabotki lesosek v usloviyah Severo-Zapadnogo regiona Rossijskoj Federacii: monografiya. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGLTA, 2008. 317 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катаров В.К., Сюнёв В.С., Ратькова Е.И., Герасимов Ю.Ю. Влияние форвардеров на лесные грунты // Resources and Technology. 2012. № 9 (2). С. 73-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilintsev A., Bogdanov A., Nakvasina E., Amosova I., Koptev S., Tretyakov S. The natural recovery of disturbed soil, plant cover and trees after clear-cutting in the Boreal Forests, Russia. iForest, 2020, vol. 13, pp. 531-540. DOI: 10.3832/ifor3371-013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куляшов А.П., Колотилин В.Е. Экологичность движителей транспортно-технологических машин. М.: Машиностроение, 1993. 286 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilintsev A., Nakvasina E., Tretyakov S., Koptev S., Bogdanov A. The impact of modern logging on the forest environment of felling site in the context of climate change [Electronic resource]. Building a green, healthy and resilient future with forests: XV World Forestry Congress; 2-6 May 2022, Seoul, Republic of Korea. URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/190XjPT5JO83nfr-aQl-UWhW1MkE9qG7D/view?usp%20target= (accessed November 10, 2023)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наквасина Е.Н., Любова С.В. Почвоведение: учеб. пособие. Архангельск: САФУ, 2016. 146 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilintsev A.S., Nakvasina E.N. Rut formation after the passage of logging machinery in spruce forests on binomial soils. Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii, 2021, iss. 237, pp. 168-182. DOI: 10.21266/2079¬4304.2021.237.168-182 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наквасина Е.Н., Серый В.С., Семенов Б.А. Полевой практикум по почвоведению. Архангельск: АГТУ, 2007. 124 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilintsev A.S., Nakvasina E.N., Hogbom L. Methods of protection forest soils during logging operations. IVUZ. Lesnoy Zhurnal, 2021, no. 5, pp. 92-116. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-92-116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серый В.С., Аникеева В.А., Вялых Н.И., Кубрак Н.И. Изменение лесорастительных условий вырубок при современных лесозаготовках // Экологические исследования в лесах Европейского Севера: сб. науч. трудов. Архангельск, 1991. С. 3-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katarov V.K., Syunyov V.S., Rat'kova E.I., Gerasimov Yu. Vliyanie forvarderov na lesnye pochvogrunty. Resources and Technology, 2012, no. 9 (2), pp. 73-81. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скляров Г.А., Шарова А.С. Почвы лесов Европейского Севера. М.: Наука, 1970. 269 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulyashov A.P., Kolotilin V.E. Ekologichnost' dvizhitelej transportno-tekhnologicheskih mashin [Environmental friendliness of movers of transport and technological machines.]. M.: Mashinostroenie Publ., 1993. 286 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сюнёв В.С, Соколов А.П., Коновалов А.П., Катаров В.К., Селиверстов А.А., Герасимов Ю.Ю., Карвинен С., Вяльккю Э. Сравнение технологий лесосечных работ в лесозаготовительных компаниях Республики Карелия. Йоэнсуу: НИИ Леса Финляндии, 2008. 126 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latterini F., Dyderski M.K., Horodecki P., Rawlik M., Stefanoni W., Hogbom L., Venanzi R., Picchio R., Jagodzinski A.M. A Meta-analysis of the effects of ground-based extraction technologies on fine roots in forest soils. Land Degradation and Development, 2023, pp. 1-13. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.4902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ampoorter E., Schrijver A., Nevel L., Hermy M., Verheyen K. Impact of mechanized harvesting on compaction of sandy and clayey forest soils: results of a meta-analysis // Annals of Forest Science. 2012. Vol. 69. P. 543-562. DOI: 10.1007/s13595-012-0199-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naghdi R., Solgi A., Zenner E., Najafi A., Salehi A., Nikooy M. Compaction of forest soils with heavy logging machinery. Silva Balcanica, 2017, vol. 18, pp. 25-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cambi M., Certini G., Fabiano F., Foderi C., Laschi A., Picchio R. Impact of wheeled and tracked tractors on soil physical properties in a mixed conifer stand // iForest. 2015. Vol. 9. P. 89-94. DOI: 10.3832/ifor1382-008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakvasina E.N., Lyubova S.V. Pochvovedenie: ucheb. posobie. [Soil science: textbook]. Arkhangelsk: SAFU Publ., 2016. 146 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ezzati S., Najafi A., Rab M.A., Zenner E.K. Recovery of soil bulk density, porosity and rutting from ground skidding over a 20-year period after timber harvesting in Iran // Silva Fennica. 2012. Vol. 46, no. 4. P. 521-538. DOI: 10.14214/sf.908</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakvasina E.N., Seryj V.S., Semenov B.A. Polevoj praktikum po pochvovedeniyu [Field workshop on soil science]. Arkhangelsk: Arkhang. State Technical University Publ., 2007. 127 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilintsev A., Bogdanov A., Nakvasina E., Amosova I., Koptev S., Tretyakov S. The natural recovery of disturbed soil, plant cover and trees after clear-cutting in the Boreal Forests, Russia // iForest. 2020. Vol. 13. P. 531-540. DOI: 10.3832/ifor3371-013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazari M, Arthur E., Lamande M, Keller T, Bilyera N, Bickel S. A meta-analysis of soil susceptibility to machinery-induced compaction in forest ecosystems across global climatic zones. Current Forestry Reports, 2023, pp. 1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s40725-023-00197-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilintsev A., Nakvasina E., Tretyakov S., Koptev S., Bogdanov A. The impact of modern logging on the forest environment of felling site in the context of climate change [Electronic resource]. Building a green, healthy and resilient future with forests : XV World Forestry Congress; 2-6 May 2022, Seoul, Republic of Korea. URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/190XjPT5JO83nfr-aQl-UWhW1MkE9qG7D/view?usp%20target= (accessed November 10, 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seryj V.S., Anikeyeva V.A., Vyalykh N.I., Kubrak N.I. Izmenenie lesorastitel'nyh uslovij vyrubok pri sovremennyh lesozagotovkah [Changing Forest Site of Cuttings in Modern Logging]. Proceedings of Environmental Studies in the Forests of the European North, Arkhangelsk, AILiLKh Publ., 1991 pp. 3-15. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilintsev A.S., Nakvasina E.N., Hogbom L. Methods of protection forest soils during logging operations // ИВУЗ. Лесной журнал. 2021. № 5. С. 92-116. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-92-116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shabani S. Modelling and mapping of soil damage caused by harvesting in Caspian forests (Iran) using CART and RF data mining techniques. Journal of Forest Science, 2017, vol. 63, pp. 425-432. DOI: 10.17221/125/2016-JFS</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latterini F., Dyderski M.K., Horodecki P., Rawlik M., Stefanoni W., Hogbom L., Venanzi R., Picchio R., Jagodzinski A.M. A Meta-analysis of the effects of ground-based extraction technologies on fine roots in forest soils // Land Degradation and Development. 2023. P. 1-13. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.4902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegel-Issem C.M., Burger J.A., Powers R.F., Ponder F., Patterson S.C. Seedling root growth as a function of soil density and water content. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2005, vol. 69, pp. 215-226. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naghdi R., Solgi A., Zenner E., Najafi A., Salehi A., Nikooy M. Compaction of forest soils with heavy logging machinery // Silva Balcanica. 2017. Vol. 18. Р. 25-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siren M, Ala-Ilomaki J., Lindeman H, Uusitalo J, Kiilo K.E.K., Salmivaara A., Ryynanen A. Soil disturbance by cut-to-length machinery on mid-grained soils. Silva Fennica, 2019, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 1-24. DOI: 10.14214/sf.10134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazari M, Arthur E., Lamande M, Keller T, Bilyera N, Bickel S. A meta-analysis of soil susceptibility to machinery-induced compaction in forest ecosystems across global climatic zones // Current Forestry Reports. 2023. P. 1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s40725-023-00197-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sklyarov G.A., Sharova A.S. Pochvy lesov Evropejskogo Severa [Forest soils of the European North]. M.: Nauka Publ., 1970. 269 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shabani S. Modelling and mapping of soil damage caused by harvesting in Caspian forests (Iran) using CART and RF data mining techniques // Journal of Forest Science. 2017. Vol. 63. P. 425-432. DOI: 10.17221/125/2016-JFS</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syunyov V., Sokolov A., Konovalov A., Katarov V., Seliverstov A., Gerasimov Yu., Karvinen S., Vyal'kkyu E. Sravnenie tekhnologij lesosechnyh rabot v lesozagotovitel'nyh kompaniyah Respubliki Kareliya [Comparison of wood harvesting methods in the Republic of Karelia]. Joensuu: NII Lesa Finlyandii, 2008. 126 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siegel-Issem C.M., Burger J.A., Powers R.F., Ponder F., Patterson S.C. Seedling root growth as a function of soil density and water content // Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2005. Vol. 69. P. 215-226. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vadbol'skaya Yu.E., Azarenok V.A. Snizhenie vozdejstviya lesnyh mashin na pochvu pri rubkah uhoda [The reducing negative impacts of forest machinery on soils thinnings]. Lesa Rossii i hozyajstvo v nih, 2015, no. 3 (54), pp. 36-40. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siren M, Ala-Ilomaki J., Lindeman H., Uusitalo J, Kiilo K.E.K., Salmivaara A., Ryynanen A. Soil disturbance by cut-to-length machinery on mid-grained soils // Silva Fennica. 2019. Vol. 53. No. 2. P. 1-24. DOI: 10.14214/sf.10134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaikin A.N., Nikitin V.V., Shcherbakov E.N., Mukovnina M.V. Metodika snizheniya ob''emov tekhnogennogo vozdeystviya lesosechnykh mashin na lesnye ekosistemy na osnove matematicheskogo modelirovaniya rezhimov ikh raboty [Method of decrease of forest machinery technogenic impact on forest ecosystems based on operating modes simulating]. Lesnoy vestnik / Forestry Bulletin, 2018, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 54-61. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2018-5-54-61. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
