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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">isplta</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-4304</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5871</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЛТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21266/2079-4304.2024.250.318-332</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">isplta-396</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ЛЕСОЗАГОТОВОК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT OF LOGGING INDUSTRIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение возможностей компьютерного зрения для определения обособленных препятствий на грунтовых лесных дорогах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of computer vision methods for identifying obstacles on forest roads</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-9508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хитров</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khitrov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хитров Егор Германович – доцент высшей школы  программной инженерии; доктор технических наук</p><p>195251, ул. Политехническая, д. 29, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khitrov Egor G. – DSc (Technical), Associate Professor of the Higher School of Software Engineering, Associate Professor</p><p>195251. Politekhnicheskaya str. 29. St. Petersburg</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hitrov_eg@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1035-9231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андронов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andronov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андронов Александр Вячеславович – доцент кафедры лесного машиностроения, сервиса и ремонта</p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5У, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andronov Aleksandr V. – PhD (Technical), Associate Professor of the Department of Forestry Machinery, Service and Repair</p><p>194021. Institutsky per. 5U. St. Petersburg</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andronovalexandr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2674-3884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сухов Артем Сергеевич – магистрант научно-образовательного центра математики</p><p>197101, Кронверкский пр., д. 49, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sukhov Artem S. – Master's student of the Scientific and Educational Center of Mathematics</p><p>197101. Kronverkskii av. 49. St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sukhovtema@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никонов Виталий Сергеевич – аспирант кафедры лесного машиностроения, сервиса и ремонта</p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5У, Санкт-Петербург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikonov Vitaliy S. – PhD student of the Department of Forestry Machinery, Service and Repair</p><p>194021. Institutsky per. 5U. St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikonov99@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6224-9900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петросян</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrosyan</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петросян Сурен Сергеевич – аспирант кафедры автоматизации, метрологии и управления в технических системах </p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5У, Санкт-Петербург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrosyan Suren S. – PhD student of the Department of Automation, Metrology and Management in Technical Systems</p><p>194021. Institutsky per. 5U. St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">surik1622@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-2911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божбов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhbov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Божбов Владимир Евгеньевич – доцент кафедры геодезии, землеустройства и кадастров; кандидат технических наук</p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5У, Санкт-Петербург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bozhbov Vladimir E. – PhD (Technical), Associate Professor of the Department of Geodesy, Land Management and Cadastre</p><p>194021. Institutsky per. 5U. St. Petersburg</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St.Petersburg State Forest Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет&#13;
ИТМО»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University ITMO</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St.Petersburg State Forest Technical University.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>250</issue><fpage>318</fpage><lpage>332</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хитров Е.Г., Андронов А.В., Сухов А.С., Никонов В.С., Петросян С.С., Божбов В.Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хитров Е.Г., Андронов А.В., Сухов А.С., Никонов В.С., Петросян С.С., Божбов В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khitrov E.G., Andronov A.V., Sukhov A.S., Nikonov V.S., Petrosyan S.S., Bozhbov V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/396">https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/396</self-uri><abstract><p>Методы технического и компьютерного зрения активно развиваются и находят все более широкое применение в различных гражданских областях промышленности. Инструменты CV могут потенциально использоваться для повышения профильной проходимости и безопасности движения лесных и лесотранспортных машин за счет оперативного распознавания обособленных препятствий в виде корней, пней, кочек, ям и проч., встречающихся на пути лесной техники. В исследовании выполнена апробация методики эксперимента по изучению возможностей инструментов компьютерного зрения для распознавания обособленных препятствий на лесных грунтовых дорогах. Эксперименты в работе проведены для различных версий искусственной нейронной сети YOLO (YOLOv8n.pt, YOLOv8s.pt, YOLOv8m.pt, YOLOv8l.pt), дообученной на большом наборе данных Road Damage Detection 2022. Установлено, что экспериментальный стенд, включающий программную и аппаратную часть, а также подобранные гиперпараметры процесса обучения моделей позволяют получать стабильные экспериментальные сведения по распознаванию и классификации дефектов дорог, включая грунтовые и лесные. Результаты оценки моделей YOLO при дообучении и валидации показали, что в качестве перспективной версии для разработки технического решения по распознаванию одиночных препятствий на лесных дорогах можно рекомендовать модель ИНС YOLOv8m.pt; при этом следует дополнительно рассмотреть вопрос регуляризации весов модели. Тестирование и экспертная оценка результатов подтвердили предварительные выводы о перспективности версии YOLOv8m.pt в качестве основы технического решения для определения обособленных препятствий, встречающихся на лесных дорогах. Отмечена целесообразность использования численного метода оптимизации Adam с шагом минимизации 0,00001 в дальнейших исследованиях, связанных с экспериментами с моделями искусственной нейронной сети YOLOv9, YOLOv9v10 для составления более полного и систематизированного научного представления о применимости моделей компьютерного зрения для определения обособленных препятствий на лесных дорогах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Methods of technical and computer vision are developing and being increasingly used in various civil industries. Computer vision tools may be used to improve passability and traffic safety of forest machinery by promptly recognizing isolated obstacles in the form of roots, stumps, hummocks, potholes, etc. The study tested methodology of an experiment to study capabilities of computer vision tools for recognizing isolated obstacles on forest roads. The experiments in were carried out for various versions of the YOLO artificial neural network (YOLOv8n.pt, YOLOv8s.pt, YOLOv8m.pt, YOLOv8l.pt), retrained on a large dataset of Road Damage Detection 2022. It was found that the experimental setup, including software and hardware, as well as the selected hyperparameters of the model training process, make it possible to obtain stable experimental data on the recognition and classification of road defects, including forest ones. The results of scoring the YOLO models during retraining and validation showed that the YOLOv8m.pt artificial neural network model should be recommended as a promising version for developing a technical solution for recognizing single obstacles on forest roads; however, the issue of regularizing the model weights should be additionally considered. Testing and expert evaluation of the results confirmed the preliminary conclusions about the promise of the YOLOv8m.pt version as basis for the technical solution. The expediency of using the numerical optimization method Adam with a minimization step of 0.00001 in further studies related to experiments with the models of the artificial neural network YOLOv9, YOLOv9v10 is noted for the purpose of compiling a more complete and systematic scientific understanding of the applicability of computer vision models for identifying isolated obstacles on forest roads.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>профильная проходимость</kwd><kwd>движение лесных машин</kwd><kwd>zero-shot learning</kwd><kwd>сегментация</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>profile passability</kwd><kwd>forest machinery locomotion</kwd><kwd>zero-shot learning</kwd><kwd>segmentation</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han S., Jiang X., Wu Z. 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