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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">isplta</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-4304</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5871</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЛТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21266/2079-4304.2025.253.341-359</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">isplta-523</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ДРЕВЕСИНЫ. БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF WOOD. BIO TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние содержания щёлочи и продолжительности синтеза на свойства лигнофенолоформальдегидных смол, синтезированных с использованием технических лигносульфонатов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of alkali content and synthesis duration on the properties of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins prepared with technical lignosulfonates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-6205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазунова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazunova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ГЛАЗУНОВА Маргарита Геннадьевна – аспирант кафедры технологии древесных и целлюлозных композиционных материалов</p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>GLAZUNOVA Margarita G. – PhD student of the Department of Technology of Wood and Cellulose Composite Materials</p><p>194021. Institutskiy per. 5. St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rita.mg.1212@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-2461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ИВАНОВ Даниил Валерьевич – доцент кафедры технологии древесных и целлюлозных композиционных материалов, кандидат технических наук</p><p>ResearcherID: ABF-7853-2020</p><p>SCOPUS AuthorID: 57211013094</p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>IVANOV Daniil V. – PhD (Technical), Associate Professor of the Department of Wood and Cellulose Composite Materials Technology</p><p>194021. Institutskiy per. 5. St. Petersburg</p><p>ResearcherID: ABF-7853-2020</p><p>SCOPUS Author ID: 57211013094</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanov.d.v.SPB@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St.Petersburg State Forestry University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St.Petersburg State Forest Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>253</issue><fpage>341</fpage><lpage>359</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глазунова М.Г., Иванов Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глазунова М.Г., Иванов Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glazunova M.G., Ivanov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/523">https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/523</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены состав и свойства лигнофенолоформальдегидных смол, синтезированных с использованием технических лигносульфонатов натрия. На первом этапе синтезировали высокощелочные смолы, замещая до 40% фенола на лигносульфонаты; на втором этапе синтезировали среднещелочные смолы с 30% замещённого на лигносульфонаты фенола, варьируя продолжительность этапа поликонденсации с 15 до 35 мин. Методом спектроскопии ЯМР 13C установлено, что высокощелочные смолы содержат преимущественно фенолоформальдегидные олигомеры невысокой молекулярной массы, состоящие из двух остатков фенола; взаимодействие формальдегида с лигносульфонатами идёт преимущественно на первой стадии синтеза, в ходе выдержки реакционной смеси при 55–60 °C. Высокощелочные лигнофенолоформальдегидные смолы, синтезированные при замещении 20% фенола на лигносульфонаты, обеспечивают самые высокие физико-механические показатели древесностружечных плит среди всех высокощелочных смол, однако плиты, изготовленные с их использованием, значительно уступают плитам, изготовленным с использованием промышленной фенолоформальдегидной смолы СФЖ-3014. Снижение содержания щёлочи и увеличение продолжительности выдержки реакционной смеси при 96–98 °C позволяет значительно повысить молекулярную массу фенолоформальдегидных олигомеров и улучшить физико-механические показатели древесностружечных плит на основе лигнофенолоформальдегидных смол. Фенолоформальдегидные олигомеры среднещелочных смол состоят, главным образом, из трёх остатков фенола. Древесностружечные плиты на основе среднещелочных смол, синтезированных при выдержке реакционной смеси при 96–98 °C в течение 25 мин, соответствуют всем требованиям стандарта, однако плиты на основе среднещелочных лигнофенолоформальдегидных смол по-прежнему уступают плитам на основе СФЖ-3014.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The structure and properties of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins prepared using technical sodium lignosulfonates were researched. At the first stage, highly alkaline resins were synthesized by replacing up to 40% of phenol with lignosulfonates; at the second stage, medium alkaline resins were synthesized with 30% phenol substituted by lignosulfonates, varying the duration of the polycondensation stage from 15 to 35 min. Based on the results of 13C NMR spectroscopy method it was suggested that highly alkaline resins contain predominantly phenol-formaldehyde oligomers of low molecular weight; the interaction of formaldehyde with lignosulfonates occurs mainly at the first stage of synthesis (at 55–60 °C). Highly alkaline lignin-phenolformaldehyde resins with 20% phenol replaced by lignosulfonates provide the highest physical and mechanical properties among all highly alkaline resins. However, boards manufactured using highly alkaline lignin-phenol-formaldehyde are significantly inferior to boards manufactured using industrial phenol-formaldehyde resin SFZh3014. Reducing the alkali content and increasing the duration of resin holding at 96– 98 °C (second stage) allows to significantly increase the molecular weight of phenolformaldehyde oligomers and improve the properties of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins-based particleboard. Phenol-formaldehyde oligomers of medium alkaline resins have a relatively high molecular weight. Particleboards based on medium alkaline resins synthesized with a second stage duration of 25 min meet all the requirements of the state standard. However, boards based on medium alkaline lignin-phenolformaldehyde resins are still inferior to boards based on SFZh-3014.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лигносульфонаты</kwd><kwd>лигнофенолоформальдегидная смола</kwd><kwd>фенолоформальдегидная смола</kwd><kwd>поликонденсация</kwd><kwd>древесностружечные плиты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lignosulfonates</kwd><kwd>lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin</kwd><kwd>phenolformaldehyde resin</kwd><kwd>polycondensation</kwd><kwd>particleboard</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев В.В. Экспресс-метод определения содержания формальдегида в древесных плитах // Бюллетень Ассоциации ЛЕСТЕХ. 2024. № 3(17). С. 32–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alonso M.V., Oliet M., Rodrı́ guez F., Garcı́ a J., Gilarranz M.A., Rodrı́ guez J.J. 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