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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">isplta</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-4304</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5871</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЛТУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21266/2079-4304.2025.256.468-479</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">isplta-666</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ЛЕСОЗАГОТОВОК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT OF LOGGING INDUSTRIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическая модель оптимизации проектирования сети лесных автомобильных дорог с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A mathematical model for optimizing the design of a forest highway network using remote sensing data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3229-8459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эйвазов</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eyvazov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ЭЙВАЗОВ Али Фируддинович – аспирант</p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>EYVAZOV Ali F. – PhD student</p><p>194021. Institute per. 5. St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">thefezerstyle@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-4688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ЗУБОВА Оксана Викторовна – доцент кафедры промышленного транспорта, кандидат технических наук</p><p>194021, Институтский пер., д. 5, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ZUBOVA Oksana V. – PhD (Technical), Associate Professor</p><p>194021. Institute per. 5. St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ok_z19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St.Petersburg State Forest Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>256</issue><elocation-id>468–479</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эйвазов А.Ф., Зубова О.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эйвазов А.Ф., Зубова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eyvazov A.F., Zubova O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/666">https://izvestiya-lta.spbftu.ru/jour/article/view/666</self-uri><abstract><p>Эффективное проектирование сети лесных дорог является ключевым фактором для оптимизации затрат на лесозаготовительные операции, лесоуправление и обеспечение устойчивого доступа к лесным ресурсам. Традиционные подходы к проектированию часто сталкиваются с проблемами высокой стоимости, трудоемкости и ограниченной точности исходных данных, особенно в сложных рельефных условиях и под густым лесным пологом. Данная статья представляет математическую модель, разработанную для автоматизированного проектирования и оптимизации трасс лесных автомобильных дорог. Территория проектирования дискретизируется и представляется в виде взвешенного графа, где узлы соответствуют точкам на цифровой модели рельефа (ЦМР), а дуги – потенциальным сегментам дороги. Модель направлена на минимизацию суммарной стоимости строительства дороги. Эта стоимость рассчитывается с учетом длины каждого сегмента трассы с поправкой на рельеф, продольный уклон, влияющий на объемы земляных работ (насыпей и выемок) через специальный коэффициент удорожания, а также необходимость устройства водопропускных сооружений при пересечении водотоков. Особое внимание уделяется интеграции в модель высокодетальных данных о рельефе местности, полученных с помощью современных методов дистанционного зондирования Земли, в частности, воздушного лазерного сканирования (LiDAR), в том числе с использованием беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА). Применение LiDAR позволяет получать высокоточные ЦМР, эффективно проникая сквозь лесной полог, что критически важно для точного моделирования рельефа, выявления оптимальных коридоров, идентификации препятствий (переувлажненных или оползнеопасных участков) и оптимизации объемов земляных работ. В статье описаны математическая постановка задачи оптимизации как поиск кратчайшего пути на графе, целевая функция минимизации затрат, система ограничений. Рассмотрены методы получения исходных данных из облаков точек LiDAR: создание ЦМР, извлечение высотных отметок, расчет уклонов и идентификация пересечений с гидрографической сетью с применением геоинформационных систем (ГИС). Разработанная модель, использующая алгоритмы поиска оптимального пути (Дейкстры, А*), создает основу для объективного, быстрого и экономически обоснованного выбора оптимального варианта трассы лесной дороги, способствуя повышению качества проектных решений. Авторы также указывают на перспективы дальнейшего развития модели, включая интеграцию данных о типах грунтов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Effective design of forest road networks is crucial for optimizing logging costs, forest management, and sustainable access to resources. Traditional approaches often suffer from high costs, labor intensity, and limited accuracy of initial data, especially in complex terrain and dense forests. This article presents a mathematical model for computer-aided design and optimization of forest road routes. The project area is discretized as a weighted graph, with nodes representing points on the digital terrain model (DEM) and arcs representing potential road segments. The model aims to minimize total construction cost, considering segment length, terrain, longitudinal slope (affecting earthwork volumes) via a special appreciation coefficient, and the need for culverts at watercourse crossings. Special attention is given to integrating highly detailed terrain data obtained through airborne laser scanning (LiDAR), including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). LiDAR enables high-precision DEMs that penetrate the forest canopy, which is essential for accurate terrain modeling, identifying optimal corridors, obstacles (e.g., waterlogged or landslide-prone areas), and optimizing earthwork volumes. The article details the mathematical formulation as a shortest path problem on a graph, with a cost-minimizing objective function and constraints. Methods for extracting initial data from LiDAR point clouds are discussed: DEM creation, elevation extraction, slope calculation, and hydrographic network analysis using GIS. The developed model, utilizing optimal path algorithms (Dijkstra, A*), provides an objective, efficient, and economically justified choice of forest road routes, enhancing design quality. The authors also discuss prospects for further model development, including integrating soil type data.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лесная дорога</kwd><kwd>оптимизация проектирования</kwd><kwd>LiDAR</kwd><kwd>БПЛА</kwd><kwd>цифровая модель рельефа</kwd><kwd>ГИС</kwd><kwd>стоимость строительства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forest road</kwd><kwd>design optimization</kwd><kwd>LiDAR</kwd><kwd>UAV</kwd><kwd>digital terrain model</kwd><kwd>GIS</kwd><kwd>construction cost</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдельвахаб М.А.Х. 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