Analysis of modern methods of surveying logging roads

The paper discusses the methods for finding logging roads in space and the rationale for choosing the most effective method for specific conditions. Modern highways in general and logging roads in particular are characterized by a complex of engineering structures, where the most important are curved sections, which largely determine the level of technical and economic indicators and traffic safety. The most complex of these structures are interchanges at different levels. Among other elements of transport interchanges, loop-like and straight left-turn ramps, characterized by a complex combination of horizontal and vertical curves, are subject to breakdown. As a vertical curve, a square parabola is most often used here, horizontal curves are circular curves, clothoids, biclotoids, lemniscants, and braking curves that best meet the real conditions of movement at forest turning ramps. Braking curves serve to mitigate the effect of centrifugal force on a car moving with a smooth deceleration, moving from a straight section to a curve, or with acceleration, leaving a straight line. Braking curves are used in the practice of road construction. Despite this, they are not yet sufficiently studied and described in the specialized literature. Calculation formulas for designing and splitting brake transient curves require significant changes and additions in order to more smoothly fit the car into the curve and improve traffic safety. Of interest are flat spatial roundings, which are the embodiment of a progressive mutual consistency of the plan and profile of the road route, favorably affecting the visibility conditions and the overall visual perception of the road. These sections are formed by connecting the horizontal and vertical curves into a single plane-spatial curve. The breakdown of such roundings is unproductively divided into vertical and horizontal. It is obvious that the new progressive design methodology requires new, more advanced methods of layout work.

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