Obtaining hydrogels of technical lignins
https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2021.235.274-295
Abstract
Potentiometric titration, IR-spectroscopy of 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and chemical analysis were used to study the gelation of technical lignins (oxidized hydrolysis, Kraft, sodium, and lignosulfonates) and Pepper lignin in interaction with metal salts: CaCl2, Mg(NO3)2,FeSO4, Co(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, CuSO4, AgNO3. It has been established that compounds that are salts of a weak base and a strong acid have the ability to gelation; the metal cation has a standard potential above a certain value, has moderate hydrolysis ability, and the cation hydroxide formed in the hydrolysis reaction has a relatively low solubility. During gel formation, a compound of the composition R–COO–Mez+–OOC–R z = 2,3 is formed. A scheme of intermolecular bonds at the point of lignin hydrogel formation is proposed, according to which adjacent lignin molecules bind to each other by three types of bonds: ionic between carboxyl groups of lignin and metal cations, coordination between metal cations and water molecules included in the coordination sphere, and hydrogen connecting all the components of the system into a single whole. Lignin hydrogels have a high sorption ability with respect to heavy metals such as lead, iron and copper, which, depending on the content of acid groups in lignin and the molar mass of the sorbate, is ~ 25–50% by weight of lignin. This opens up the possibility of using a new type of lignin hydrogels for wastewater treatment of chemical plants.
About the Authors
E. I. Evstigneyev
St. Petersburg State Technical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
EVSTIGNEYEV Edward I. – DSc (Chemistry), Professor, Department of technologies of timber-chemical products, chemistry of wood and biotechnology
194021. Institutsky per. 5. St. Petersburg
E. V. Grinenko
St.Petersburg State Forest Technical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
GRINENKO Elena V. – PhD (Chemistry), Assistant Professor of the Department of chemistry
194021. Institutsky per. 5. St. Petersburg
A. V. Vasiliev
St.Petersburg State Forest Technical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
VASILYEV Aleksander V. – DSc (Chemistry), Head of the Department of chemistry
194021. Institutsky per. 5. St. Petersburg
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Review
For citations:
Evstigneyev E.I., Grinenko E.V., Vasiliev A.V. Obtaining hydrogels of technical lignins. Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii. 2021;(235):270-291. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2021.235.274-295
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