Population density of the gall makers of the main forest-forming species in the stands of the Volgograd Region

Optimization of the environment by forest-reclamation arrangement entails a transformation of aboriginal communities of flora and fauna. In recent years, an increase in the quantitative abundance of gall-forming arthropods has been observed in the protective forest stands of the Volgograd Region. This gives a reason to expect further increase in the diversity and harmfulness of gall-forming arthropods in the area. For the first time, studies of the complex of gall-forming insects were carried out in the protective forest strips of the arid zone of the Lower Volga region. The largest number of insect species forming galls (25 species) is recorded in the oak crowns. Among them, Cynipoidea predominate (56.0% of the total number of species of gall-forming oak insects). Every year representatives of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) are found in large numbers: Cynips quercusfolii (Linnaeus, 1758), Neuroterus albipes (Schenck, 1863), N. anthracinus (Curtis, 1838), N. numismalis (Fourcroy, 1785), N. quercusbaccarum (Linnaeus, 1758), etc. The complex of elm gall-forming insects includes 11 species, and in the crowns of these trees gall aphids are more diverse (44%, respectively). The permanent inhabitants of the foliage are: Colopha compressa (Koch, 1856) (Hemiptera, Pemphigidae), Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hartig, 1839), E. ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), Janetiella lemeei (Kieffer, 1904), and Physemocecis ulmi (Kieffer, 1909) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). The taxonomic diversity of aphids in the protective forest plantings hover around 24.4% of the total diversity of these pests. The quantitative characteristics of gall-forming agents vary widely across biotopes. Based on the field data, we calculated and analyzed the information characteristics of gall-forming communities trophically related to the main forest-forming species (Ulmus and Quercus). The variability of entropy characteristics will allow to determine the adaptive capabilities of a group of gall-forming insects and predict the dynamics of pest development in plantings of different species composition and design parameters. In the presence of a wide variability in the abundance of galls, the trend of dependence on the number of breeds, the share of the main breed and the row (width) of the forest strip is clearly expressed.

1. Agroforestry, 5th ed. / ed. by A.L. Ivanov and K.N. Kulik; All-Russian Research Institute of Agroforestry Land reclamation. Volgograd: 2006. 746 p. (In Russ.)

2. Analysis and processing of databases / I. Gaidyshev. SPb.: Peter, 2002. 752 p. (In Russ.)

3. Belitskaya M.N. Communities of gall-forming arthropods in protective plantings of the arid zone. The current ecological state of the natural environment and scientific and practical aspects of rational nature management. Materials of the I International Scientific and Practical Internet Conference dedicated to the 25 anniversary of the FSBSI «Caspian Research Institute of Arid Agriculture», 2016, pp. 858–864. (In Russ.)

4. Belitskaya M.N. Features of the gall-forming fauna in the field-protective forest zones of the arid zone. Ecology of Russia: on the way to innovations, 2015, no. 11, pp. 105–107. (In Russ.)

5. Belitskaya M.N., Fadeev I.A. Features of the distribution of harmful insects in protective forest stands. Bulletin of the St. Petersburg Forestry Academy, 2008, no. 182, pp. 36–44. (In Russ.)

6. Belitskaya M.N., Fedotova Z.A., Nefed'eva E.E. Gall-forming pests of woody plants in plantations of the arid zone. Paradigma, 2016, no. 2, pp. 207–212. (In Russ.)

7. Belitskaya M.N., Gribust I.R. Dendrophages of forest reclamation complexes with the participation of various woody introduced species. Socio-ecological Technologies, 2019, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 220–238. DOI: 10.31862 / 2500-2961-2019-9-3-220-238. (In Russ.)

8. Belitskaya M.N., Kryukova E.A. Biocenosis of protective plantings and regulation of their states. Volgograd: VNIALMI, 2009. 170 p. (In Russ.)

9. Belitskaya M.N., Marinina M.G., Nadezhkina E.Yu., Filimonova O.S. Species composition of phyllobionts of woody plants of the genus Ulmus spp. Facets of Knowledge, 2019, no. 6(65), pp. 31–34. (In Russ.)

10. Belov D.A. Features of the complex of gall-forming arthropods in urban plantations of Moscow. Lesnoy Vestnik, 2008, no. 1, pp. 73–78. (In Russ.)

11. Encyclopedia of Agroforestry / under. ed. E.S. Pavlovsky. Volgograd: VNIALMI, 2004. 675 p. (In Russ.)

12. Eremeeva N.I. Formation of the mesofauna of arthropods in urbanization. Izvestiya SFedU. Technical Science, 2011, no. 9(122), pp. 186–191. (In Russ.)

13. Eremeeva N.I., Zolotarev D.A. Population of hortobiontic heteropterans in urbanized territories (with Kemerovo as an example). Entomological Review, 2009, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 284–292.

14. Gribust I.R., Belitskaya M.N. Diversity of insect populations in the gradient of forest agrarian landscape. Socio-ecological Technologies, 2020, no. 3, pp. 265–289. DOI: 10.31862 / 2500-2961-2020-10-3-265-289. (In Russ.)

15. Gusev V.I. Keys to the pests of forest, decorative and fruit trees and shrubs. Moscow: Forest Industry, 1984. 472 р. (In Russ.)

16. Insects and diseases damaging trees and shrubs of Europe: monograph / M. Zúbrik, A. Kunga, G. Csoka [et al.], 2013. 535 p.

17. Kulik K.N., Manaenkov A.S., Salugin A.N., Kuzenko A.N. On the question of the state of protective afforestation in the Volgograd region. Izvestia of the Lower Volga Agro-University Complex, 2020, no. 1(57), pp. 23–33. DOI: 10.32786 / 2071-9485-2020-01-02. (In Russ.)

18. Manual on the organization and conduct of forest pathological monitoring in the forests of Russia / Comp. А.D. Maslov, E.G. Mozolevskaya, H.A. Lisov and others – Moscow: VNIILM, 2001. 86 p. (In Russ.)

19. Mathematics / B.M. Vladimirsky, A.B. Gorstko, Ya.M. Erusalimsky. St. Petersburg: Lan, 2002. 955 p. (In Russ.)

20. Petrov D.L. Teratforming phytophages damaging ornamental woody plants that invaded the territory of Belarus in the current century. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology, 2019, no. 1, pp. 24–31. (In Russ.)

21. Rubtsov V.V., Utkina I.A. The influence of forest phyllophagous insects on the phytomass fractions of trees. Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii, 2014, iss. 207, pp. 60–70. (In Russ.)

22. Semenyutina A.V. Assortment of trees and shrubs for reclamation of agro- and urban landscapes of the arid zone (scientific and methodological recommendations). Moscow – Volgograd, 2002. 59 p. (In Russ.)

23. Semenyutina A.V. Dendroflora of forest-reclamation complexes / ed. by I.P. Svintsov. Volgograd: All-Russian Research Institute of Agroforestry Land reclamation, 2013. 266 p. (In Russ.)

24. Seryi G.A., Bondarenko E.Yu. A complex of leaf rollers [Lepidoptera, Tortricidae] and their dynamics of foci of mass reproduction in the Volgograd region. In.: Biodiversity and anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems. Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference dedicated to the memory of A.I. Zolotukhin and the Year of Ecology. Ed. by A.N. Volodchenko, 2017, pp. 199–207. (In Russ.)

25. Struchaev V.V. The most dangerous gall-forming insects of tree-shrub vegetation in the vicinity of the botanical garden of Belgorod State University. Actual problems of biological sciences, 2009, no. 7(1), pp. 12–17. (In Russ.)

26. Turmukhametova N.V. Assessment of the condition of deciduous trees and the composition of phyllophages in the conditions of Yoshkar-Ola. Samara Scientific Bulletin, 2017, vol. 6, no. 4(21), pp. 80–84. (In Russ.)

27. Tyulkova E.G. The activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of woody plants under technogenic conditions. Vesnik Paleskaga dzyarzhaunaga universiteta. Gray Prydaznachyh navuk, 2019, no. 1, pp. 50–59. (In Russ.)

28. Utkina I.A., Rubtsov V.V. The broad-minded oak moth is a well-known, but still poorly studied species. Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii, 2019, iss. 228, pp. 42–57. (In Russ.)

29. Yurkina E.V., Pestov S.V. Species diversity of arthropod gall-forming organisms in the urbanized environment of Syktyvkar. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2017, no. 1, pp. 77–83. (In Russ.)