Diversity, trophic associations, distribution, and evolutionary features of inquiline gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2021.236.69-100
Abstract
For the first time, a review of gall midges-inquilines, developing together with gallformers, among which gall midges dominate is provided. In the world, 197 species of gall midges of 41 genera have been identified, in the galls of which 177 species of inquiline gall midges from 27 genera have been found. They are found on plants of 243 species of 160 genera of 53 families and 20 orders. The core of the gall-forming fauna is Cecidomyiinae – 118 species (59.9%) from 26 genera (63.4%), and the core of the inquiline fauna is Lasiopterinae: 63 species (32.0%) from 15 genera (36.6%). Ten common genera were identified, in which there are both inquilines and gall-formers. The proportion of inquilines in these genera is more than a third of the species, for Macrolabis – 39.1% (25 out of 64) and Camptoneuromyia – 86.7% (13 out of 15). Gallformers and inquilines are predominantly narrow oligophages, specific in respect to the genus or family of the host plant, predominantly Fabaceae. Among gall-formers, the share of specific genera is 61.0% (25 out of 41), while among inquilines is 37.0% (10 out of 27). Host plants of the Rosids subclass are represented by 124 species (51.0%), 88 genera (55.0%) from 28 families (46.2%), most of which are trees and shrubs. Inquiline gall midges have been found in all zoogeographic regions; however no common species have been found. They dominate in the Palaearctic (118 species, 66.7% of 177) and Neotropical (40 species, 22.6%) regions. In the Nearctic region there are only 15 (8.5%) species. In the Palaearctic, inquiline species have been identified in 19 genera (70.4% of 27), of which 7 are endemic. In the Neotropical region, the inquilines belong to 7 genera (25.9%), with no endemics found. The core of the fauna with an abundance of endemic and widespread genera of inquilines formed in the Palaearctic region. In the gall midges, inquiline gall midges predominate, but inquilines develop from other taxonomic groups : insects (with a predominance of Cynipidae) and fungi. Inquilines present the potential for their gradual transition to gall formation and possible speciation during the assimilation of galls and plants of other species. In the galls of gall midges, inquilines actively influence the formation of galls and the development of the host larvae, contribute to their feeding, inhibit or lead to death.
About the Author
Z. A. Fedotova
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
FEDOTOVA Zoya A. – DSc (Entomology), leading researcher
196608. Shosse Podbelskogo. 3. Pushkin. St. Petersburg
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Review
For citations:
Fedotova Z.A. Diversity, trophic associations, distribution, and evolutionary features of inquiline gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii. 2021;(236):69-100. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2021.236.69-100
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