Patterns of runoff formation and erosion under the influence of lands and forest strips on southern chernozem to justify anti-erosion techniques

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to establish the regularities of the formation of maximum flow rates and erosion under the influence of forests, forest strips and agricultural lands in the steppe of the Volga upland. The research methodology was based on the recommendations of specialized research institutes and scientists of Russia. Water supply, runoff, maximum runoff modulus, erosion undergo significant changes under the influence of agricultural land, forest strips and forests. Forest strips and forests reduce the coefficients of spring and stormwater runoff in comparison with agricultural land by 10.5– 13.5 times, accordingly, the indicators of the maximum flow modulus are 5.1–31.0 times. The parameters of the drain module are necessary for the creation of discharge antierosion structures. Erosion under the influence of forest strips in fields with non-fallow technology of cultivation of crops of crop rotation of forest lands applies permissible sizes of less than 0.3 t / ha for soils A + B < 0.5 m. Dump technology, in addition to forest strips, requires the use of additional agrotechnical techniques, for example, mulched slitting. From the complex variety of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on erosion, the coefficient and modulus of surface runoff, the degree of protection of the soil by land are the predominant ones. Regression-correlation analysis notes a close relationship between erosion, surface runoff parameters and the forest strips used with the coefficient of determination of the relationship of features. Long-term studies on the slopes of 3–5° allowed us to recommend: the distances between the forest strips of 300 m, 250 m – a fall-free technology for cultivating crop rotation crops, the water flow module on agricultural landscapes for discharge erosion control structures has a 10% probability of exceeding 1.7m³/s×km².