Improving the quality and sustainability of oak forests using innovative and improved technologies in the forests of the Middle Volga region

The condition of oak forests of the Middle Volga region has been deteriorating for many decades. The biological stability, productivity and quality of oak plantations are decreasing due to the significant impact of a complex of unfavorable natural and climatic factors (frost, drought, pests, wild animals, etc.), as well as the consequences of insufficiently effective economic activity. This paper presents the materials and results of the research under the State Assignment of Rosleskhoz, carried out in 2018-2021 by the branch of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Mechanization of Forestry (FBU VNIILM) «East European Forest Experimental Station». The aim of the study was to identify effective and develop innovative and improved technologies in the process of reforestation oak stands, thinning, protection from pests, wild animals and fires for growing high-quality and sustainable oak stands in the Middle Volga region. The paper presents experimental and production objects (26 in total with a total area of 177.4 hectares) with plantations of oak trees of artificial and natural origin at the age of 21-37 years, created in the period 1983-1999 and formed under the guidance of the station staff on clearcuts and on the sites of reconstruction of dead oak trees using different methods and technologies of reforestation and care of oak trees on the territory of the Republics of Chuvashia and Tatarstan. The results of the research are innovative and improved technologies and methods of forest management in oak forests, as well as recommendations for use in the forests of the Middle Volga region.

1. Anuchin N.P. Forest taxation: a textbook for universities. M.: Lesn. prom-st', 1982. 552 p. (In Russ.)

2. Deryabin D.I. Methods for reconstruction of young forest plantations. М.; L.: Goslesbumizdat, 1960. 67 p. (In Russ.)

3. Forest care rules - Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated July 30, 2020 No. 534 on approval. (In Russ.)

4. Glebov V.P., Verkhunov P.M., Urmakov G.N. Oak forests of Chuvashia. Cheboksary, 1998. 199 p. (In Russ.)

5. Gninenko Yu.I., Kulikov A.A. Methodological recommendations for the practical use of water-dispersion product VD-AK-101 pink «PROTECT» for protecting coniferous and deciduous trees from damage caused by wild ungulates. VNIILM, 2020. 9 p. (In Russ.)

6. Ilyin F.S., Petrov V.A., Yatmanova N.M. Reports on the research work «Development of innovative approaches to improve forestry technologies in oak forests of the Middle Volga region». Branch of FBU VNIILM «East European LOS», 2020, 2021. 107 and 130 pp. (In Russ.)

7. Inventory of experimental and experimental production facilities in forestry of the Republic of Tatarstan. TatLOS, 1994. 109 p. (In Russ.)

8. Kalinichenko N.P., Zheldak V.I., Rumyantseva S.A., Senechkina O.A. Guidelines for management and restoration of oak forests in lowland forests of the European part of the Russian Federation. VNIILM, 2000. 137 p. (In Russ.)

9. Kuznetsov N.A. Recommendations (Guidelines) for farming in oak forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. TatLOS, 2004. 30 p. (In Russ.)

10. Murzov A.I., Glebov V.P., Kuznetsov N.A. Oak groves of the Middle Volga region and the main ways to improve them / Scientific research. works for 1981-1985, 1986, pp. 9-14.

11. Murzov A.I., Glebov V.P., Kuznetsov N.A. Reconstruction of low-value young forests that have resumed in clearings after the death of oak forests. TatLOS, 1992, 1993. 32 p. (In Russ.)

12. OST 56-69-83. Test areas for forest management. Bookmark methods, 1984. 60 p. (In Russ.)

13. Petrov V.A. Oak-linden crops on clearings in the conditions of maple-linden- snowy fresh oak forests in the Chuvash Republic. Forestry, 2021, no. 1, pp. 73-82. URL: http://Ihi.vniilm.ru/ (In Russ.)

14. Petrov V.A., Ilyin F.S., Kuznetsova N.F. Restoration of oak forests based on natural oak regeneration in the Middle Volga region. Forestry, 2022, no. 1, pp. 35-49. URL: http://Ihi.vniilm.ru/ (In Russ.)

15. Pobedinsky A.V., Agliullin F.V., Murzov A.I. Recommendations for forestry management of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on a zonal- typological basis. VNIILM, 1986. 46 p. (In Russ.)

16. Puryaev A.S., Ilyin F.S., Petrov V.A. Reports on the research work «Development of innovative approaches to improve forestry technologies in oak forests of the Middle Volga region». Branch of FBU VNIILM «East European LOS», 2018, 2019. 105 and 44 p. (In Russ.)

17. Recommendations for the creation of forest crops in the conditions of the Chuvash SSR based on industrial technologies. Cheboksary, 1991. 12 p. (In Russ.)

18. Recommendations for the use of innovative and improved forestry technologies in oak forests of the Middle Volga region [Electronic resource] / F.S. Ilyin, V.A. Petrov, N.M. Yatmanova. VNIILM, 2023. 80 p. 1 CD-ROM. Cap. with title. screen. (In Russ.)

19. Rodin A.R., Kalashnikov E.A., Rodin S.A., Silaev G.V., Rysin S.L., Vildanov M.F. Forest crops. VNIILM, 2002. 435 p. (In Russ.)

20. Rules for reforestation - Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation No. 1014 dated 04.12. 2020. (In Russ.)

21. Ryvkin B.V. Biological method of controlling harmful insects in the forest. М.; L.: Goslesbumizdat, 1952. 78 p. (In Russ.)

22. Yakovlev A.S., Yakovlev I.A. Oak groves of the Middle Volga region. Ioshkar-Ola: MarSTU, 1999. 352 p. (In Russ.)

23. Zheldak V.I. Research program on topic 3.1/1 «Development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective regional forestry systems and technologies that ensure increased productivity and sustainability of forests». VNIILM, 2001. 79 p. (In Russ.)

24. Zheldak V.I., Chibisov G.A., Martynov A.I. Manual on thinning in lowland forests of the European part of Russia. VNIILM, 1994. 190 p. (In Russ.)