Practical study of the temperature dynamics of the layers of the forest soil of the cryolithozone

Cryolithozone forests belong to especially ecologically vulnerable forests. During logging operations, skidding operations have the greatest negative impact on the forest ecosystem. The most negative factor of skidding during the logging season is overconsolidation and destruction of forest soil structure on the skidding shafts and technological corridors. Intensive rutting leads not only to critical damage to the forest ecosystem, but also significantly reduces the efficiency of forest machines. At frosts of more than – 40° C forest machines cannot work due to frost brittleness of metal construction. Therefore, a significant volume of harvesting falls precisely on the moderately warm period of the year. Establishing the principles of the impact of the temperature of forest soil layers of the cryolithozone on their physical and mechanical properties provides more accurate assessments of these results of the relationship between forest machines and soil. The article presents the methodology, devices and data obtained in full-scale experimental studies to determine the influence of permafrost soil temperature. Reducing the unfavorable impact of forest machine drivers on the soil of harvesting areas is devoted to a very large number of theoretical and practical developments of domestic and foreign authors. It is expedient to point out a huge contribution to these theoretical and practical developments, which was made by the participants of the leading domestic sectoral scientific school «Innovative developments in the field of logging industry and forestry». Within the framework of this scientific school only for the last years more than ten candidate and doctoral dissertations on scientific specialty 05.21.01 «Technology and machines of logging and forestry», devoted to the issues of reducing environmental damage during logging, and, above all, to reducing the negative impact of forest machine drivers on the soil of harvesting areas, have been defended. However, the weak point of this theory is the lack of consideration of changes in the thermal regime of permafrost soil, which, by definition, is a multilayer system. Without taking into account the thermal regime of soil layers, the theoretical methods of assessing and predicting the impact of forest machine drivers on it are not accurate enough.

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