Species list of pathogenic micromycetes on seed plantations of Scots pine in the Moscow region

Forest seed plantations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Orekhovo-Zuevsky forestry of the Moscow region are one of the most important objects for obtaining seeds of this species with improved hereditary properties and preserving the genetic fund of highly productive plantings in Russia. For the first time for this object, the sanitary condition of cultivated plants was studied and the species list of pathogenic micromycetes developing on dying shoots, needles, branches and cones was established. Data were obtained for the observation period from 2017 to 2023. According to the results of the study, 19 species of micromycetes were identified, the most widespread are the causative agents of shoot blight and needle cast: Gremmeniella abietina (Scleroderris canker), Sphaeropsis sapinea (Diplodia shoot blight), Sclerophoma pithya (Sclerophoma shoot blight) and Thyronectria cucurbitula (Thyronectria shoot blight), as well as the causative agents of needle cast – Dothistroma septosporum (Dothistroma needle blight or red band needle cast) and Cyclaneusma minus (Cyclaneusma needle cast). The identified species are new for the surveyed forest seed plantations and insufficiently studied in the Moscow region. T. cucurbitula have not previously been reported in the region. As a result of complex development of these species, there is a decline in sanitary condition, shoot blight in the lower and the middle parts of the crown, the loss of cones and a decrease in seed yield. Severe damage to pine undergrowth was revealed in adjacent natural plantations and on annulled forest seed plantations. On young plants, the development of shoot canker, as well as Diplodia shoot blight, Thyronectria shoot blight and Dothistroma needle blight, leading to the death of tops, shoots, and, less often, entire plants, was noted. Along with pine, among the plants affected by S. sapinea in the adjacent areas common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) in undergrowth was noted. The occurrence of pathogens of these diseases in adjacent plantings contributes to a high risk of their further spread on pines of the forest seed plantation.

1. Arapova N.N. Struktura i ekologicheskie osobennosti kompleksa fillotrofnyh mikromicetov v sosnyakah Kazahstana: avtoref. diss. ... kand. biol. nauk. M., 1992. 19 p. (In Russ.)

2. Bihon W., Slippers B., Burgess T., Wingfield M.J., Wingfield B.D. Sources of Diplodia pinea endophytic infections in Pinus patula and P. radiata seedlings in South Africa. Forest Pathology, 2010, no. 41(5), pp. 370–375.

3. Brezhnev I.E, Ibragimov G.R., Potlajchuk V.I. Opredelitel' gribov na plodah i semenah drevesnyh i kustarnikovyh porod. M.: Sel'hozizdat, 1962. 415 p. (In Russ.)

4. Davidenko E.V. K voprosu ob izuchenii patogennyh gribov sosnovyh nasazhdenij yuga Ukrainy. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskoj lesotekhnicheskoj akademii, 2014, iss. 207, pp. 164–170. (In Russ.)

5. Drenkhan R., Tomešová-Haataja V., Fraser S., Bradshaw R.E., Vahalík P., Mullett M.S., Martín-García J., Bulman L.S., Wingfield M.J., Kirisits T., Cech T.L., Schmitz S., Baden R., Tubby K., Brown A., Georgieva M., Woods A., Ahumada R., Jankovský L., Thomsen I.M., Adamson K., Marçais B., Vuorinen M., Tsopelas P., Koltay A., Halasz A., La Porta N., Anselmi N., Kiesnere R., Markovskaja S., Kačergius A., Papazova-Anakieva I., Risteski M., Sotirovski K., Lazarević J., Solheim H., Boroń P., Bragança H., Chira D., Musolin D.L., Selikhovkin A.V., Bulgakov T.S., Keča N., Karadžić D., Galovic V., Pap P., Markovic M., Poljakovic-Pajnik L., Vasic V., Ondrušková E., Piškur B., Sadiković D., Diez J.J., Solla A., Millberg H., Stenlid J., Angst A., Queloz V., Lehtijärvi A., Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi H.T., Oskay F., Davydenko K., Meshkova V., Craig D., Woodward S., Barnes I. Global geographic distribution and host range of Dothistroma species: a comprehensive review. Forest Pathology, 2016, no. 46(5), рр. 1–35.

6. Fedosova A.G., Tobias A.V. Mikobiota hvoi na nekotoryh ostrovah Keretskogo arhipelaga (Beloe more). Vestnik SPbGU, ser. 3, 2012, iss. 4, pp. 68–74. (In Russ.)

7. Il'ichev Yu.N., Shuvaev D.N. Sostoyanie klonovyh ob"ektov kedra sibirskogo Pinus sibirica Du Tour Respubliki Altaj: sohrannost' i perspektivy selekcii. Sibirskij lesnoj zhurnal, 2016, no. 5, pp. 33–44. (In Russ.)

8. Index Fungorum Partnership: baza dannyh. 2023. URL: https://indexfungorum.org/Index.htm (accessed December 24, 2023).

9. Karpun N.N., Bulgakov T.S., Zhuravleva E.N. Atlas vreditelej i boleznej dekorativnyh nasazhdenij na yuge Rossii. Hvojnye porody. Sochi: FIC SNC RAN, 2021. 216 p. (In Russ.)

10. Lesnoj plan Moskovskoj oblasti na 2019–2028 gody: [Postanovlenie Gubernatora Moskovskoj oblasti ot 21.03.2019 No. 116-PG]. URL: https://klh.mosreg.ru/download/document/13763148 (accessed December 23, 2023). (In Russ.)

11. Mel'nik V.A. Klass Coelomycetes. Opredelitel' gribov Rossii. Iss. 1. Redkie i maloizvestnye rody. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskaya tipografiya no. 1 RAN, 1997. 280 p. (In Russ.)

12. Minter D.W. Lophodermium on pines. Mycological Papers, 1981, no. 147, pp. 1–54. Obzor sanitarnogo i lesopatologicheskogo sostoyaniya lesov Rossijskoj Federacii za 2022 god. Pushkino, 2023. 323 p. (In Russ.)

13. Padutov V.E., Baranov O.Yu., Voropaev E.V. Metody molekulyarnogeneticheskogo analiza. Minsk: Yunipol, 2007. 176 p. (In Russ.

14. Pogrebnyak P.S. Osnovy lesnoj tipologii. Kiev: Izd-vo AN USSR, 1955. 456 p. (In Russ.)

15. Ridzhal I.B. Vliyanie osadkov stochnyh vod na produktivnost' lesosemennyh plantacij sosny obyknovennoj (Pinus sylvestris L.) v zone hvojno-shirokolistvennyh lesov: avtoref. diss. … kand. s.- h. nauk. M., 2006. 20 p. (In Russ.)

16. Sherokolava N.A., Skripka O.V., Aleksandrov I.N., Dudchenko I.P., Surina T.A., Nikiforov S.V. Patogennaya mikroflora drevesnyh kul'tur v Evropejskoj chasti Rossii. Sovremennaya mikologiya v Rossii. T. 2: mater. II S"ezda mikologov Rossii. M.: Nacional'naya akademiya mikologii, 2008, p. 215. (In Russ.)

17. Shevchenko S.V. Lesnaya fitopatologiya. L'vov: Vishcha shkola, izd-vo pri L'vov. un-te, 1978. 320 p. (In Russ.)

18. Shishkina A.A., Shishkina A.A., Neklyaev S.E. Massovoe usyhanie pobegov v molodyh kul'turah sosny obyknovennoj (Pinus sylvestris L.) v Moskovskoj oblasti. Lesohozyajstvennaya informaciya, 2020, no. 2, pp. 66–88. (In Russ.)

19. Sinclair W.A., Lyon H.H. Diseases of trees and shrubs. Comstock publishing associates, a division of Cornell University press, 2005. 660 p.

20. Sokolova E.S., Kolganihina G.B. Gribnye bolezni drevesnyh introducentov v nasazhdeniyah Moskvy i Podmoskov'ya. Lesnoj vestnik, 2009, no. 5, pp. 145–153. (In Russ.)

21. Thyronectria cucurbitula (Tode) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2023. URL: https://www.gbif.org/species/7597285 (accessed December 23, 2023). Viznachnik gribiv Ukraini. Vol. II. Askomiceti / pod red. D.K. Zerova. Kiiv: Naukova dumka, 1969. 520 p. (In Ukr.)

22. Viznachnik gribiv Ukraini. Vol. III. Nezaversheni gribi / pod red. D.K. Zerova. Kiiv: Naukova dumka, 1971. 696 p. (In Ukr.)

23. Voroncov A.I., Mozolevskaya E.G., Sokolova E.S. Tekhnologiya zashchity lesa. M.: Ekologiya, 1991. 304 p. (In Russ.)

24. Zhukov A.M., Gninenko Yu.I., Zhukov P.D. Opasnye maloizuchennye bolezni hvojnyh porod v lesah Rossii. Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. 128 p. (In Russ.).