Morphometric parameters of berries and productivity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in different types of forests in the northern taiga

The research was carried out on the territory of the Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk region in different types of pine forests: moist bilberry pine, bilberry pine and shrub-sphagnum pine. Forest are close in age and pure in composition or with a small admixture of other species. Bilberries were collected in a systematic sequence on 1´1 m sites laid diagonally across the test area. Then, using these data, we obtained: the number of bilberries on each site, the mass of bilberries in fresh condition, the diameter of bilberries, the height of bilberries. It was found that the diameter of bilberries in different types of forest ranged from 7.06±0.06 to 7.21±0.05 mm. The differences according to the Student's criterion are unreliable. The height of bilberries from the place of attachment to the lowest point significantly differs. The highest bilberry berry is in the moist bilberry pine, then it goes down in the bilberry pine and the lowest in the shrub-sphagnum pine. The average weight of one bilberry berry in moist bilberry pine is 0.32±0.01 g; in bilberry pine – 0.34±0.08 g; and in shrubby sphagnum pine – 0.28±0.02 g. The average number of bilberries in different types of forest on a site of 1 m2 is different: in the moist bilberry pine – 62 pcs./m2 , in the bilberry pine – 39 pcs./m2 , that is almost half as much, and in the shrubby-sphagnum pine – 34 pcs./m2 . The largest mass of bilberries in the moist bilberry pine is 20 g/m2 , in the bilberry pine – 12 g/m2 and in the shrub-sphagnum pine – 10 g/m2 . The average yield of bilberries is as follows: in the moist bilberry pine – 200.6 kg / ha, in the bilberry pine – 129.5 kg/ha, in the shrub-sphagnum pine 101.6 kg / ha. There is no clear dependence of the mass of bilberries per 1 m2 on the projective coating, but there is a trend: the larger the projective cover is the greater the mass of berries per 1 m2 will be.

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