Application of the herbicide system in the cultivation of spruce seedlings in the open ground

Reforestation is associated with the cultivation of planting material. An effective solution to weed control in forest nurseries is the use of herbicides. The list of chemicals for weed control recommended for forestry is limited. There is one active ingredient for each stage of the fight against unwanted vegetation, which contributes to the development of resistance in weeds. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of tank mixtures of herbicides in the care system for spruce seedlings. Field experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of modern herbicides and their tank mixtures were carried out in the Primorsky and Vinogradovsky districts of the Arkhangelsk region on experimental ridges and in an open-ground forest nursery. The soils are light to medium loam. When selecting herbicides, we focused on the active substance tested by scientists and allowed in the territory of the Russian Federation, and the availability of drugs in the retail network. The effectiveness of the tank mixture of Tornado and Ankor-85 herbicides on meadow vegetation is 100%. After treatment with this tank mixture of herbicides for the next growing season, additional methods of weed control are not required in the first year of growing spruce seedlings. The effectiveness of weed suppression with the pre-emergence herbicide Brig is 54%. The addition of Lignohumate does not significantly affect the effectiveness of the herbicide. The effectiveness of weed suppression in the system of application of herbicides: preemergence – Brig; with linear growth of seedlings – Miura and Mortira – is 70%. The addition of lignohumate reduces the effectiveness of the tank mixture. The addition of Lignohumate to the tank mixture of Miura and Mortira herbicides contributed to a 1.8-fold reduction in damage to seedlings.

1. Bubnov A.A. The system of herbicides at a cultivation of spruce and pine annual seedlings in field nurseries. Proceedings of the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Forestry, 2014, no. 3, pp. 36–42. (In Russ.)

2. Bubnov A.A., Egorov A.B., Pavlyuchenkova L.N., Postnikov A.M. Ecological evaluation of herbicide application in forest cultivation. Proceedings of the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Forestry, 2022, no. 4, pp. 58–75. DOI: 10.21178/2079-6080.2022.4.58. (In Russ.)

3. Egorov A.B., Bubnov A.A. The System of Herbicides for Protection of Coniferous Crops in Forest Nurseries. Russian Forestry Journal, 2013, no. 5, pp. 71–77. (In Russ.)

4. Grodnitskaya I.D., Senashova V.A. A disease of seedlings of scots pine new for forest nurseries in Siberia. Protection and quarantine of plants, 2012, no. 2, pp. 48–50. (In Russ.)

5. Kasimov A.K., Sokolov R.A., Berdinskikh S.Yu., Shabanova E.E. The influence of herbicides on the preservation and development of seedlings of European spruce (Picea abies) in the forest nursery of the Southern Taiga Urals. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals, 2012, no. 3(95), pp. 37–39. (In Russ.)

6. Kazakov V.I., Prokazin N.E., Kazakov V., Lobanova E.N. Efficiency of herbicides contact application to fight against weeds in forest nursery. Forestry journal, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1 (33), pp. 153–159. DOI: 10.12737/article_5c920170d50c89.62305424 (In Russ.)

7. Lebedev E.V. The effect of the herbicide Gezagard (promethrin) on seedlings of Siberian larch in the conditions of gray forest soils in the central part of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2012, no. 1 (33), pp. 23–26. (In Russ.)

8. Lukatkin A.S., Semenova A.S., Lukatkin A.A. The influence of growth regulators on the existence of toxic effect of herbicides on plants. Agrochemistry, 2016, no. 1, pp. 73–95. (In Russ.)

9. Panina N.B., Mukhamedshin K.D. Intensification of forest cultivation using a complex of environmentally friendly chemicals. Forestry Bulletin, 2001, no. 2, pp. 71– 75. (In Russ.)

10. Partolina A.N. The innovative approach to the application of tank mixtures of herbicides with synergistic effect at reforestation of coniferous species. Proceedings of the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Forestry, 2018, no. 3-4, pp. 42–53. DOI: 10.21178/2079–6080.2018.3-4.42. (In Russ.)

11. Partolina A.N., Egorov A.B. The weed control in forest nurseries and in the establishment of forest cultures with the use of mixtures of modern herbicides. Proceedings of the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Forestry, 2017, no.3, pp. 36–46. (In Russ.)

12. Pentelkina N.V. Problems of growing planting material in forest nurseries and ways to solve them. Actual problems of the forest complex, 2012, no. 31, pp. 189–193. (In Russ.)

13. Stetsenko S.K., Andreeva E.M., Terekhov G.G., Hurshkainen T.V., Kuchin A.V. On the Regulation of the Joint Use of Growth Stimulants and Pesticides in Forest Growing. Ecology and industry of Russia, 2019, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 66–71. DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2019-1-66-71. (In Russ.)

14. Tyukavina O.N., Demina N.A. The use of herbicides in the cultivation of coniferous seedlings in open ground nurseries. Coniferous trees of the boreal zone, 2022, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 513–518. DOI: 10.53374/1993-0135-2022-6-513-518. (In Russ.)

15. Vinogradov A.N. Complex application of environmentally friendly chemicals in the cultivation of seedlings and crops of Scots pine on sod-podzolic, sandy loam andmedium loamy cultivated soils of the central region of the european part of Russia: the author's abstract. Diss. ... Candidate of Agricultural Sciences. M.: Moscow State University of Forestry, 2005. 25 p. (In Russ.)

16. Yakimov N.I., Gvozdev V.K., Kruk N.K. Forest crops: methodological recommendations for the implementation of the course project. Minsk: BSTU, 2022. 52 p. (In Russ.)

17. Zhigunov A.V., Sokolov A.I., Kharitonov V.A. Cultivation of planting material with a closed root system in the Ustyansk greenhouse complex. Practical recommendations. Petrozavodsk: Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016. 43 p. (In Russ.).