The use of butadiene-nitrile latexes in the manufacture of paper-like materials

The aim of the study is to influence the concentration and nature of synthetic butadiene‒nitrile latexes on the physical and mechanical properties of a paper-like material based on mineral fibers. The methodology of the work consisted in the manufacture and testing of laboratory samples of asbestos cardboard castings obtained from the composition of the composition, wt. h.: 100 ‒ asbestos fiber grade M-4-20; 5‒60 ‒ butadiene-nitrile latexes BSNK, BN-30, SKN-40-1GP, SKN-40IH, BN-30K-2, BN-26NGP; for sizing M-4-20 grade asbestos fiber; 3‒6 ‒ aluminum sulfate as a coagulant. The mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the resulting material characterize the physico-mechanical parameters: breaking length (L, m); tear resistance (E, mN); penetration resistance (Po, kPa); absorbency with unilateral wetting (G, g/m²); capillary absorbency (B, mm); degree of sizing (C, s/mm). Results of the work: the strength properties of castings with butadiene-nitrile latexes, with the exception of BN-26NGP, are close to each other: L_max = 377‒516 m, at low concentrations (3 wt.h.) of coagulant. At a higher concentration (6 wt.h.) of aluminum sulfate, the strength is higher in samples with SCN-40-1GP (L_max = 427 m) and BN- 30K-2 (L_max = 559 m), which is explained by the presence of a third comonomer, methacrylic acid. For carboxyl-butadiene-nitrile latexes, carboxyl-containing monomer, which is more evenly part of the copolymer than butadiene or styrenebutadiene, increases the adhesion of the polymer to various substrates and creates a three-dimensional grid, in particular SKN-40-1GP. The latter property is realized by the formation of salt bonds when polyvalent metal oxides and polyamines are introduced into latex, as well as the participation of the polymer in a three-dimensional grid. Conclusions: the studied nitrile latexes can be used to produce asbestos cardboard with high strength and hydrophobic properties, according to which the best indicators were established for BN-30 and BSNК.

1. Akylbekov Y., Shevko V., Karatayeva G. Thermodynamic prediction of the possibility of comprehensive processing chrysotile-asbestos waste. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 2023, vol. 8, art. no. 100488. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100488

2. Avataneo C., Petriglieri J.R., Capella S. Chrysotile asbestos migration in air from contaminated water: An experimental simulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, vol. 424, part C, art. no. 127528. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127528

3. Axelrod L., Charron P., Tahir I. The effect of pulp production times on the characteristics and properties of hemp-based paper. Materials Today Communications, 2023, vol. 34, art. no. 104976. DOI:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104976

4. Bagchi S.K., Patnaik R., Rawat I. Beneficiation of paper-pulp industrial wastewater for improved outdoor biomass cultivation and biodiesel production using Tetradesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kützing. Renewable Energy, 2024, vol. 222, art. no. 119848. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119848

5. Bakatovich A., Gaspar F., Boltrushevich N. Thermal insulation material based on reed and straw fibres bonded with sodium silicate and rosin. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, vol. 352, art. no. 129055. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129055

6. Castoldi R.S., Liebscher M., Souza L.M.S. Effect of polymeric fiber coating on the mechanical performance, water absorption, and interfacial bond with cement-based matrices. Construction and Building Materials, 2023, vol. 404, art. no. 133222. DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133222

7. Chen J., Li X., Cai W. High-efficiency extraction of aluminum from low-grade kaolin via a novel low-temperature activation method for the preparation of polyaluminum-ferric-sulfate coagulant. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, vol. 257, art. no. 120399. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120399

8. Deryagin B.V., Churaev M.V., Muller V.M. Surface forces. Moscow: Nauka, 1985. 398 p. (In Russ.)

9. Dubovy V.K. Paper-like composite materials based on mineral fibers: Dis. ... Doctor of Technical Sciences. St. Petersburg: SPbSFTU, 2000. 370 p. (In Russ.)

10. Elovenko D., Kräusel V. The study of thermal conductivity of asbestos cardboard and fire clay powder to assess the possibility of their application in prefabricated structures of cylindrical housings of pressure vessels. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019, vol. 19, part 5, pp. 2389‒2395. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.041

11. Engelhardt G., Border K., Ritter K. Paper sizing. Moscow: Forest industry, 1975. 224 p. (In Russ.)

12. Flyate D.M. Properties of paper. Moscow: Forest industry, 1986. 680 p. (In Russ.)

13. Geng Y., Nie Y., Du H. Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of Fe–Ti– V ternary inorganic coagulant for organic wastewater treatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2023, vol. 56, art. no. 104344. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104344

14. Gubarev A.A. Gluing of paper and cardboard in a neutral environment using aluminum sulfate: author’s abstract. Diss…. Candidate of Technical Sciences. Minsk: BSTU, 2000. 23 p. (In Russ.)

15. Machines, processes and equipment of pulp and paper industries: collection of articles. Issue 29. Leningrad: LTI CBP, 1973. 185 p. (In Russ.)

16. Modica G., Giuffre L., Montoneri E. Electrolytic separators from asbestos cardboard: A flexible technique to obtain reinforced diaphragms or ion-selective membranes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1983, vol. 8, iss. 6, pp. 419‒ 435. DOI: 10.1016/0360-3199(83)90163-5

17. Moskvitin N.I. Physico-chemical bases of gluing and sticking processes. M.: Forest industry, 1974. 192 p. (In Russ.)

18. Obmiński A. Asbestos in building and its destruction. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, vol. 249, art. no. 118685. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118685

19. Romaní A., Del-Río P.G., Rubira A. Co-valorization of discarded wood pinchips and sludge from the pulp and paper industry for production of advanced biofuels. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, vol. 209, art. no. 117992. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117992

20. Şengı̇l A. The utilization of alunite ore as a coagulant aid. Water Research, 1995, vol. 29, iss. 8, pp. 1988‒1992. DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(94)00534-E

21. Sharma D., Sahu S., Singh G. An eco-friendly process for xylose production from waste of pulp and paper industry with xylanase catalyst. Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment, 2023, vol. 3, art. no. 100024. DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2023.100024

22. Steephen A., Preethi V., Annenewmy B. Solar photocatalytic hydrogen production from pulp and paper wastewater. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, vol. 52, part A, pp. 1393‒1404. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.381

23. Tan Y., Zou Z., Qu J. Mechanochemical conversion of chrysotile asbestos tailing into struvite for full elements utilization as citric-acid soluble fertilizer. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, vol. 283, art. no. 124637. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124637

24. Yang M., Li J., Wang S. Status and trends of enzyme cocktails for efficient and ecological production in the pulp and paper industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, vol. 418, art. no. 138196. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138196

25. Yerkova L.N., Chechik O.S. Latexes. Leningrad: Chemistry, 1983. 224 p. (In Russ.)

26. Yi J., Chen Z., Xu D. Preparation of a coagulant of polysilicate aluminum ferric from foundry dust and its coagulation performance in treatment of swine wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, vol. 434, art. no. 140400. DOI: 10. 1016/j.jclepro.2023.140400

27. Zeng H., Tang H., Sun W. Deep dewatering of bauxite residue via the synergy of surfactant, coagulant, and flocculant: Effect of surfactants on dewatering and settling properties. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, vol. 302, art. no. 122110. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122110