Comparative analysis of preservation and tree stand parameters of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in provenance trials carried out in the Leningrad region

A comparative analysis of the development of Scots pine seed progenies in 45- year-old provenance trials of the Leningrad region was carried out in the Leningrad region. The progenies of 10 climatypes were examined, including those from the Leningrad, Pskov, Novgorod, Tver and Kostroma regions, and the Republic of Karelia. The preservation rate of different progenies varied from 15% (Velikiye Luki) to 33% (Medvezhyegorsk). To assess temporal dynamics of preservation, growth, and condition category, the results of the studies carried out in 2007 and 2021 were analyzed. Depending on the geographical origin, there were significant differences between the progenies in preservation rate, tree size structure, and forest inventory indicators. Planting density also had a strong impact on preservation and growth rate. In northern progenies, characterized by a hereditarily slow height and diameter growth rate, intraspecific competition was weaker, and the preservation rate was higher. In contrast, the southern progenies had greater average diameters and heights, and were characterized by a better tree size structure; however, growing stock and its monetary value per 1 ha were lower. The progenies with high growth rate experienced increased competition, which resulted in self-thinning of stands due to inadequately high planting density. A significant relationship between the tree trunk diameters, condition category and the living space indicator was established. Self-thinning of stands still goes on, as evidenced by a high proportion (51–62%) of weakened and severely weakened trees. To reduce wood losses and improve the forest stands quality, timely thinning is necessary.

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