NMR analysis of the cedar pines’ oleoresin composition

Cedar pines belong to the subgenus Strobus and are a economically valuable group of coniferous plants not only because of their wood, but also due to the useful components of their resin, the chemical composition of which is far from sufficiently studied. That is why, we carried out a comparative quantitative analysis of the composition of cedar pine resin taken from different trees of each species: Korean cedar pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.), European cedar pine (P. cembra L.) and Siberian cedar (P. sibirica Du Tour), as well as Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel). To do this, we used the method of 1H- and 13C- NMR spectroscopy (allowing simultaneous detection of all soluble compounds in the samples). The study identified a total of 22 compounds, including 11 resin acids. The data obtained on the composition of the subgenus Strobus cedar pines’ resins testify to the presence of almost all the compounds typical for the subgenus Pinus two- and three-needle pines’ resins, except for pimaric and levopimaric acids; also terpinolene, β-phellandrene and p-cymene were not detected. The presence of labdane and cembrene diterpenes proved to be characteristic feature of the five-needle cedar pines resins. As it turned out, the European, Korean and Siberian cedar pines resins differ little from each other in composition and, at the same time, among labdonic acids, they contain only lambertian acid in noticeable quantities. The composition of dwarf cedar resin contains fewer compounds; in particular, lambertian acid is absent, but the main component is anticopalic acid. Worthy to point that the resins’ composition on the surface of Korean cedar cones is noticeably different from the same species analogs of the trees’ trunks, specifically in it the concentration of monoterpenes is approximately 3.5 times higher, and lambertianic acid is almost half as much, while there is quite a lot of levopimaric and neoabietic acids, but cembrene diterpenes are absent at all.

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