Obtaining of a feed product based on arabinogalactan and biomass of yeast-like fungi

One of the most pressing problems of modern animal husbandry is to provide balanced diets for feeding farm animals. The current protein deficiency leads not only to overconsumption of feed, but also to a decrease in the productive potential of animals. The use of microbial biomass, in particular the biomass of basidiomycetes, is a promising direction for solving the problem of protein deficiency. The article is considered basidiomycetes as promising destructors of wood processing waste, namely, arabinogalactan, a natural polysaccharide with a branched structure. The work demonstrated the possibility of using arabinogalactan as a carbon source in nutrient media for cultivating yeast-like fungi Trichosporon moniliiforme. The presence of a β- galactosidase enzyme complex in T. moniliiforme, which is necessary for the breakdown of the arabinogalactan molecule, was confirmed. As a source of feed protein in the feed product, the most promising strain of yeast-like fungi is the strain T. moniliiforme H₃₇₆₃, which demonstrated the highest yield of biomass and reducing substances after cultivation on nutrient media with different concentrations of arabinogalactan. It was found that the increasing of the arabinogalactan concentration in the nutrient medium from 2% to 4% is corresponding to an increase in the yield of the feed product. A further increasing in the concentration of arabinogalactan to 6% does not provide a statistically significant increase in the yield of the feed product. Thus, it was shown the prospect for using yeast-like fungi of the strain T. moniliiforme H₃₇₆₃ for the microbiological destruction of arabinogalactan for obtaining a feed product, which will contain feed protein, reducing substances, β-galactosidase and intact arabinogalactan.

1. Antonova G.F., Usov A.I. Structure of arabinogalactan from Siberian larch wood (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). Bioorganic Chemistry, 1984, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1664–1669. (In Russ.)

2. Bab'eva I.P., Chernov I.Yu. Biology of yeast. Moscow: Scientific Publications Association KMK, 2004. 239 p. (In Russ.)

3. Bolshakova N.N., Sushkova O.V., Volkova O.A. Distribution of arabinogalactan and dihydroquercetin in larch wood of the forest raw material base of the Ust-Ilimsk Forest Industry Complex. Wood Chemistry, 1991, no. 4, pp. 85–90. (In Russ.)

4. Choudhary D.K., Johri B.N. Basidiomycetous Yeasts: Current Status. Yeast Biotechnology: Diversity and Applications. Springer, 2009, chapter 2, pp. 19–46. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8292-4_1.

5. Fomenko I.A., Degtyarev I.A., Ivanova L.A., Mashenzeva N.G. Obtaining protein concentrate from yeast biomass Kluyveromyces marxianus Van der Walt (1965). Agricultural biology, 2021, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1172–1182. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2021.6.1172rus. (In Russ.)

6. Fomichev Yu.P., Nikanova L.A., Dorozhkin V.I., Torshkov A.A., Romanenko A.A., Eskov E.K., Semenova A.A., Gonotsky V.A., Dunaev A.V., Yaroshevich G.S., Lashin S.A., Stolnaya N.I. Dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan are natural bioregulators in human and animal life, used in agriculture and the food industry. Moscow: Scientific Library, 2017. 702 p. (In Russ.)

7. Galyautdinova I.A., Kanarskiy A.V., Kanarskaya Z.A., Kuznetsov A.G. Cultivation efficiency of yeast Debaryomyces hansenii and Guehomyces pullulans on nutrient media from arabinogalactan. Bulletin of the Technological University, 2016, vol. 19, no. 16, pp. 96–98. (In Russ.)

8. Kulikova N.A., Klein O.I., Stepanova E.V., Koroleva O.V. Use of basidiomycetes in technologies of processing and utilization of technogenic waste: fundamental and applied aspects (review). Applied biochemistry and microbiology, 2011, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 619–634. (In Russ.)

9. Kusheev Ch.B. Development of a veterinary drug based on biologically active compounds of larch biomass: research report. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Agrarian University, 2018. 99 p. (In Russ.)

10. Kuznetsov A.G., Makhotina L.G., Akim E.L. Use of arabinogalactan biopolymer in the production of cellulose composite materials. Design. Materials. Technology, 2012, no. 5 (25), pp. 82–84. (In Russ.)

11. Mitina G.V., Sokornova S.V., Makhotina L.G., Kuznetsov A.G., Akim E.L. Prospects for the use of arabinogalactan for the cultivation of higher fungi and microorganisms – producers of plant protection products. Bulletin of Plant Protection, 2012, no. 3, pp. 28–32. (In Russ.)

12. Mitina G.V., Sokornova S.V., Titova Yu.A., Makhotina L.G., Kuznetsov A.G., Pervushin A.L. Use of macro- and micromycetes in bioconversion of plant raw materials. Bulletin of the Herzen State Pedagogical University, 2013, no. 163, pp. 69– 79. (In Russ.)

13. Morozova Yu.A., Skvortsov E.V., Alimova F.K., Kanarskiy A.V. Biosynthesis of xylanases and cellulases by fungi of the genus Trichoderma on post-alcohol stillage. Bulletin of the Technological University, 2012, vol. 15, no. 19, pp. 120–122. (In Russ.)

14. Moshkova T.B., Boytsova T.A. Biotransformation of lignin-containing waste from chemical wood processing under the influence of wood-destroying basidomycetes. North: Ecology. Yekaterinburg, 2000, pp. 117–127. (In Russ.)

15. Neverova N.A., Belovezhets L.A., Medvedeva E.N., Babkin V.A. Metabolism of Siberian larch arabinogalactan by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Chemistry of plant raw materials, 2010, no. 4, pp. 57–62. (In Russ.)

16. Nikanova L.A. The use of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan in the diet of weaned piglets. Bulletin of the APK of the Verkhnevolzhye, 2019, no. 3 (47), pp. 47– 50. DOI 10.35694/YARCX.2019.47.3.010. (In Russ.)

17. Omarov M.O., Agarkova N.V. Dihydroquercetin and arabinolactan in starter feed for sturgeon. Collection of scientific papers of the KSCZV, 2021, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 178–181. DOI: 10.48612/dab8-4xzg-dhe3. (In Russ.)

18. Pokatilov F.A., Akamova H.V., Kizhnyaev V.N. Synthesis and properties of tetrazole-containing polyelectrolytes based on chitosan, starch, and arabinogalactan. E-Polymers, 2022, pp. 203–213. DOI:10.1515/epoly-2022-0026.

19. Polygalina G.V., Cherednichenko V.S., Rimareva L.V. Determination of enzyme activity: handbook. Moscow: DeLi print, 2003. 375 p. (In Russ.) Practical training in microbiology / edited by A.I. Netrusov. Moscow: Academy, 2005. 608 p. (In Russ.)

20. Ramos J.M., Cuenca-Estrella M., Gutierrez F., Elia M., Rodriguez-Tudela J.L. Clinical Case of Endocarditis due to Trichosporon inkin and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of the Organism. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004, pp. 2341–2344. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.5.2341-2344.2004.

21. Ruchai N.S., Grebenchikova I.A. Microbial synthesis technology. Minsk: BSTU, 2014. 167 p. (In Russ.)

22. Ryabtseva S.A., Skripnyuk A.A. Modern methods for producing β-galactosidase. Science. Innovations. Technologies, 2014, no. 3, pp. 197–204. (In Russ.)

23. Skiba E.A. Technology of yeast production. Biysk: Altai State Technical University, 2010. 121 p. (In Russ.)

24. Torshkov A.A. Effect of arabinogalactan on the productive qualities of broilerchicken. Izvestia OSAU, 2010, no. 27-1, pp. 203–205. (In Russ.)

25. Zvereva M.V., Zhmurova A.V. Synthesis, Structure, and Spectral Properties of ZnTe-Containing Nanocomposites Based on Arabinogalactan. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2022, pp. 1995–2004. DOI:10.1134/S1070363222100139.