Formation of a pest and disease complex of boxwood in Donbass

   The data on the formation of a complex of phytophagous organisms and phytopathogens associated with evergreen boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L.) in Donbass are provided. Between 2008 and 2024, phytopathological surveys conducted in urban plantings of the region identified seven species of mycopathogens and five species of phytophagous insects associated with boxwood. These include four fungal species (Pseudonectria buxi (DC.) Seifert, Gräfenhan & Schroers, Dothiorella candollei (Berk. & Broome) Petr., Hyponectria buxi (Alb. & Schwein.) Sacc., Dothiora buxi Jayasiri, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde) and four insect species (Eriococcus buxi (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834), Psylla buxi (Linnaeus, 1758), Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank, 1996)) that specialized to feed on boxwood. Among the pathogenic fungi, only Pseudonectria buxi poses a potential threat to boxwood plantings. Within the complex of phytophagous insects, the penetration of Cydalima perspectalis into the region represents the most danger, as it has the potential to become the main species in the complex of boxwood pests. The harmful effects of the remaining species are primarily manifested in the overall weakening of the plants and a reduction in their ornamental value. In the context of climate change and the uncontrolled importation of planting material, an expansion of the complex of pests and diseases affecting boxwood in the region is anticipated. The primary vector for the invasion of phytophagous species and phytopathogens is the unintentional importation through planting material. To enhance the resilience of boxwood in urban plantings, it is essential to establish phytosanitary monitoring systems and implement a comprehensive set of agronomic, sanitary, and chemical protective measures. Currently, the use of boxwood in the landscaping of populated areas in Donbass should be limited, and phytosanitary control over imported planting material, as the primary source of invasion, must be strengthened.

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