Study of geographical variability in two generations of spruce culture in the Leningrad region

The study of two generations of spruce provenance trials established in the Leningrad Region allows us to trace the geographical variability of the species Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea obovata Ledeb. The first-generation culture object was created within the framework of the VNIILM program in 1977 on the territory of the Lyuban forestry, where cones were harvested to create second-generation provenance trials. The second generation is represented by semi-sib progenies on three objects that were established in 2006–2015 in the Gatchina and Kirov forestries and in the Lisinsky educational and experimental forestry (UOL). In the cultures of two generations, successful development of the offspring of Picea abies and a slow growth rate of P. obovata were established. The positive influence of the state of maternal climatypes on the preservation and growth of progenies was noted: the procurement of cones in plantations with a high bonitet class contributes to a more successful growth of progeny in both the first and second generations. Southern and western offspring with greater heat and moisture supply in the areas of original origins grow more intensively than northern and eastern ones, with less heat and moisture. The share of the influence of the maternal genotype in growth indicators reaches 56%. A direct relationship between the cone yield in mother plantations and the growth of daughter progenies was revealed. In 45-year-old crops, the most highly productive are the local Leningrad progeny and the progeny from the Pudozh forestry of the Republic of Karelia (550–580 m³/ha). In the second-generation objects, the highest selection significance is possessed by the climatype progeny from the Velikiye Luki forestry of the Pskov Region. Deliveries of spruce seeds to the Leningrad forest seed sub-district are possible from the Pskov, Tver, Moscow (north, northwest), Kaluga (center, north), Vitebsk (north, northeast) regions and the southern part of the Republic of Karelia, with coordinates limited to approximately 54°20′ – 61°40′ N and 27° – 39°E.

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