Isolation and selection of valuable forms of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in the Voronezh region

Abstract

Common hazel is a particularly valuable species that combines a range of useful properties. Fruit plantations are created in all regions with suitable climate and soil conditions; the crop is used in protective forest plantations and in landscaping urban and suburban areas. Breeding a variety pool is promising using the local gene pool of wild forms when selecting individuals with economically valuable traits, which determines the relevance of the issue under study. The objective of the work is to identify and select the most valuable forms of common hazel based on a comprehensive analysis, suitable for various purposes when grown in the Voronezh Region. The objects of the study were forest stands of different ages growing in various types of forest growth conditions in the Prigorodnoye forestry of the Voronezh Region, differentiated by hazel density. The studies were conducted using both generally accepted methods for the selection process and the author's methodological approaches. The selection was based on adaptive, reproductive and ornamental properties. Promising forms of common hazel were identified based on various most important selection traits: forms A1, A5, B2, B3, and D5, which can be used to create nut-and-fruit plantations, ornamental afforestation, and to increase biodiversity and sustainability of ecosystems. Forms A1 and D5 are recommended to increase biodiversity and form sustainable forest plantations. Reliable differences were revealed between the average values of winter hardiness and disease and pest resistance traits. Forms B2 and B3, given the increased values of individual fruit quality elements, are recommended for cultivation in garden plots, and form B3, with proper selection measures, is recommended for creating fruit plantations.