Methodology for determining the power characteristics of digging on-site using organic digging equipment during the preparation of large-sized planting material

Large-sized planting stock is a special type of product from forest and ornamental nurseries, widely used in landscaping and greening. In forestry, large-sized seedlings have potential for use in establishing forest seed plantations and reforestation within urban areas. Harvesting large-sized seedlings requires specialized digging equipment, allowing for mechanized harvesting of seedlings while preserving the root ball during digging. The aim of this study is to develop a method for determining the principal moment of resistance of the digging tool, which rotates around a fixed axis during digging. Determining the principal moment of resistance of any soil structure, including those containing plant inclusions (e.g., roots), requires a series of experimental studies. Soil resistance forces vary depending on the position of the digging tool, and a differential equation for the change in kinetic momentum is used to mathematically describe the rotation process. During one cycle (rotation of the working element), the pressure force in the hydraulic cylinder and the piston speed of the hydraulic cylinder are experimentally determined. Based on laboratory experiments, the relationships of several key kinematic and force characteristics were calculated for the developed excavating machine: rotation angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and the moment of soil resistance relative to the axis of rotation of the working element. The developed methodology is applicable to assessing the force characteristics of other technological machines with similar operating processes (earthmoving, road construction, etc.). The data obtained from the calculations can be used to optimize the design parameters of the developed equipment.

1. Berestov E.I., Strigotskaya A.P. Theoretical foundations of calculating resistances during oblique cutting of soil. NHEI. Construction, 2003, no. 4(532), pp. 101–107. (In Russ.)

2. Bury G.G., Poteryaev I.K., Skobelev S.B., Kovalevsky V.F. Research of forces resistance forces on a new structure of a bucket hydraulic excavator. Mining equipment and electromechanics, 2020, no. 2(142), pp. 46–51. DOI: 10.26730/1816-4528-2019-2-46-51. (In Russ.)

3. Bury G.G., Shcherbakov V.S., Skobelev S.B., Kovalevsky V.F. Improvement of the hydraulic excavator bucket design. Bulletin of the Siberian State Automobile and Road University, 2019, vol. 16, no. 3(67), pp. 202–213. DOI: 10.26730/1816-4528-2019-2-46-51. (In Russ.)

4. Dombrovskiy N.G. Earth-moving machines, vol. 1: manual. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat, 1961. 651 p. (In Russ.)

5. Drapalyuk M.V., Druchinin D.Yu. Utility Model Patent No. 99277 U1 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01C 11/00. Plant lifter: No. 2010111038/12. Appl. 03/23/2010, publ. 11/20/2010. (In Russ.)

6. Druchinin D.Yu. Mechanization of the perspective technique for large sapling lifting with clods. Bulletin of KrasSAU, 2011, no. 6 (57), pp. 132–134. (In Russ.)

7. Druchinin D.Yu. Creation of forest seed plantations using large-scale planting material. Improving the efficiency of the forest complex: proceedings of the Sixth AllRuss. nat. sci.-pract. conf. with int. part. Petrozavodsk, 2020, pp. 57–59. (In Russ.)

8. Goryachkin V.P. Collected works in three volumes. Vol. 1 / ed. by N.D. Luchinsky. Moscow: Kolos, 1965. 720 p. (In Russ.)

9. Korotkov V.N. Basic concepts and methods of restoration of natural forests of Eastern Europe. Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, 2017, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–18. DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2017-1-1. (In Russ.)

10. Kumar A.M. Transplantation of Trees-An Informative Manual for Freshers. Bengaluru: IWST, 2022. 80 p.

11. Litvyakov M.K. Landscaping with forest trees (sorting of tree planting material, its production and use). Rostov: Publishing House, 1976. 144 p. (In Russ.)

12. Reznik N.E. Theory of cutting with a blade and the basics of calculating cutting attachments: monograph. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1975. 311 p. (In Russ.)

13. Vetrov Yu.A. Cutting subsoils with earthmoving machines: textbook. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1971. 357 p. (In Russ.)

14. Yablonskiy A.A. Course of theoretical mechanics. P. 2: Dynamics. Moscow: Higher School, 1977. 430 p. (In Russ.)

15. Yudina N.V., Lysova E.P., Paramonova O.N. Development of methodological approach to formation and selection of the “green belt” while ensuring environmental safety of the cities. Engineering Bulletin of the Don, 2020, no. 4(64). p. 33. (In Russ.)

16. Zelenin A.N., Balovnev V.I., Kerov I.P. Machines for earthworks. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1975. 422 p. (In Russ.)