Phytotoxicity of zink fallouts for pine phytocenosises

So far enviromnemtal technogenic contaminatioin including heavy metal emissions was one of reasons of forest decline and mortality while its conservation is a priority target of forestry. This paper goal was an experimental study of pine ecosystem component responses on controlled heavy metal fallout impacts (zink example) to substantiate allowable element load levels for Scotch pine woods. 3 stationary sample plots (respectively in 15 year old, middle aged and mature stands) in pine green moss woods with background indicators of contaminatrion level, stand state and inventory characteristics, regeneration pattern, grass and soil cover were established. Zink as a nitric acid zink salt (Zn(NO₃)₂·6Н₂О) was introduced manually by dispersion over soil in the plots according to the element loads: 1) control (0 g/м²), 2) 7 g/м²; 3) 30 g/м²; 4) 90 g/м²; 5) 150 g/м²; 6) 225 g/м²; 7) 300 g/м; 8) 600 g/м² (in middle aged and mature stands). The study resulted in development of a technology to define allowable heavy metal impacts on forest stands based on field experiments that raises environmental rating credibility sufficiently. Minimum calculated values are referred as utmost allowable fallout (load) values since they are characterize start-up of structural-functional changes in forest stand. According to the studied indicators utmost allowable zink fallout values for pine phytocenosises are as follows: self seeding conservation – 4 g/м2 (40 kg/ha), number of pine self seeding 7 g/м² (70 kg/ha), number of pine germinations – 9 g/м² (90 kg/ha), moss dedeechromation – 17 g/м² (170 kg/ha), neddle dechromation = number of missing grass cover species – 22 g/м² (220 kg/ha), annual height growth –14 g/м² (140 kg/ha), stand state index – 42 g/м2 (420 kg/ha), кг/га), tree mortality – 54 g/м² (540 kg/ha), needle length – 62 g/м² (620 kg/ha). Utmost allowable zink fallout (loads) values for various pine phytocenosis components in green moss forest types of softwood and hardwood forest zone were offered for th 1st time that will sufficiently raise forest dynamics prediction in areas impacted by industrial plants.

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