Scots pine and Norway spruce phytopathological condition in forest stands of the Leningrad Region

In recent years, the general weakening and dieback of pine and spruce in the forest stands of the Leningrad region have been of serious concern. The main reasons for the weakening and death of forest stands are unfavorable weather and soil-climatic conditions, damage by insects and pathogenic organisms, and numerous anthropogenic factors. In order to determine the phytopathological condition and role of phytopathogenic organisms in the weakening and death of pine and spruce in the Leningrad Region, route surveys were carried out and 87 permanent plots established in June-August of 2021 (30 – in spruce stands of the Lisinsky Educational and experimental forestry) Educational and Experimental Forestry Unit, and 27 and 30 – in pine and spruce stands respectively in the northern part of the Karelian Isthmus). The survey of trees in the sample plots was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the ICP Forest methodology supplemented by the classical methodology of forest pathological surveys. The phytopathological condition of coniferous stands in the surveyed territories of the Leningrad oblast is estimated as weakened. The data obtained showed the uncertainty of estimates of the role of fungi in the drying of stands. The main types of dendropathogenic fungi were identified and cases of tree stand death associated with the spread of pathogens were analyzed. In the forests of the Leningrad Region, the most common diseases of pine and spruce were wound canker in spruce and pitch canker in pine, which lead to weakening and less often to death of trees. Wood destroying fungi were not very common, among them: Armillaria sp. (a complex of species of the order Agaricales Underw) which cause root and trunk rot and are often the cause of wind fall, weakening and dieback of trees; and Porodaedalea pini (Brot.) Murrill and Porodaedalea abietis (P. Karst.) which cause stem rot but occur singly and do not affect the phytopathological state of forest stands. The identified diseases contribute to the general weakening of forest stands and, as a result, to outbreaks of secondary stem pests. The data obtained showed the ambiguity of estimates of the role of fungi in the die back of stands. In the surveyed territories of the Leningrad Region, the phytopathological condition of coniferous stands has been described as healthy.

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