Orographic factors in the location of the main forest-forming species in the native middle taiga forests of South Evenkia

The most conservative component of the landscape is relief, which can serve as an indicator of the phytocenotic structure, productivity of forest-forming species and reforestation processes. However, the ratio of relief morphometric characteristics and the vegetation cover structure is always nature of vegetation zone and should underlie regional studies of natural systems. On example of the Tunguska State Nature Reserve, an analysis of the structure of the forest cover of intact middle taiga territories was performed using GIS. Statistical evaluation revealed orographic factors capable of determining the dominance of tree and shrub species. For the first time the association of various dominated tree and shrub species plantings with various features relief elements is shown. in the forests of the native middle taiga. Forests dominated by pine, Siberian pine, aspen, spruce and yernik, as well as willow bushes, have a fairly clear orographic association. The dominance of pine, Siberian pine and aspen stands that are more demanding of warming and moistening conditions of soils is observed in heated, well-drained relief elements. The formation of spruce forests is confined to the floodplain areas. Willow species that are resistant to periodic soil waterlogging occupy areas of floodplains that are annually flooded during the spring floods. Yernik (thickets of Betula nana) are confined to the long-term permafrost soil. Larch and birch forests, on the contrary, in the relatively leveled relief of the middle taiga landscapes of southern Evenkia exhibit eurytopic properties in relation to the conditions of habitats with different positions in the relief and morphometric characteristics. The results obtained can be used in further geobotanical, landscape and forestry research, mapping and long-term monitoring of forests in southern Evenkia on a landscape basis.

1. Abaimov A.P. Forestry and forestry. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State University, 2003. 197 p. (In Russ.)

2. Alekseev A.S., Nikiforov A.A. The influence of relief on the structure and productivity of forest landscapes using 3D modeling on the example of the Lisinsky experimental forestry. Forestry science, 2014, no. 5, pp. 42-53. (In Russ.)

3. Amici V., Rocchini D., Filibeck G., Bacaro G., Santi E., Geri F., Landi S., Scoppola A., Chiarucci A. Landscape structure effects on forest plant diversity at local scale: exploring the role of spatial extent. Ecol. Complex, 2015, vol. 21, pp. 44-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.12.004.

4. Athamanakath J., Joy S., Varghese A., Padmakumar B., Kannankai M.P., Paul J., Paulose S.V. Role of elevational gradients and climate variables in tree diversity, composition, and regeneration in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary of the Western Ghats, India. Discover Forests, 2025, vol. 1, art. no. 52. DOI: 10.1007/s44415-025-00056-7.

5. Belyaeva N.G., Sandlersky R.B., Chernenkova T.V. The landscape-forming role of relief in the formation of the composition of forests in the southwestern part of the Moscow region. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2020, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 362-376. DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2020.208. (In Russ.)

6. Ermakov N.B., Polyakova M.A., Popov D.Yu., Golomolzin V.V. Modeling the spatial organization of vegetation in mountainous areas based on remote sensing data and a digital relief model. Computational Technologies, 2007, vol. 12, no. S2, pp. 42- 59. (In Russ.)

7. Fomin V.V., Zalesov S.V. A geographical and genetic approach to the assessment and forecasting of forest resources using GIS technologies. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals, 2013, no. 12 (118), pp. 18-24. (In Russ.)

8. Gaidyshev I.P. Modeling stochastic and deterministic systems: AtteStat User's Guide. Kurgan, 2015. 484 p. (In Russ.)

9. Guo Y., Wang B., Mallik A.U., Huang F., Xiang W., Ding T., Wen S., Lu S., Li D., He Y., Li X. Topographic species–habitat associations of tree species in a heterogeneous tropical karst seasonal rain forest. China J. Plant. Ecol., 2017, vol. 10, iss. 3, pp. 450– 460. DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtw057.

10. Isachenko A.G. Landscapes of the USSR. Leningrad: LSU Publ., 1985. 320 p. (In Russ.)

11. Khan D.D., Shapiro S.S. Statistical models in engineering problems. Moscow: Mir, 1969. 395 p. (In Russ.)

12. Kireev D.M. Landscape method of studying forests from aerial photographs. Landscape collection. Moscow, 1973, pp. 256-271. (In Russ.)

13. Kobzar A.I. Applied mathematical statistics: for engineers and sci. employees. Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2006. 813 p. (In Russ.)

14. Konovalova M.E., Nazimova D.I., Korets M.A., Andreev D.Yu. Orographic factors of forestvegetation distribution in the middle mountain landscapes of SayanoShushenskiy reserve. Ecosystems of Central Asia: research, conservation, rational use: proc. of the XIII Ubsunur int. Symposium. Kyzyl, 2016, pp. 195–198. (In Russ.)

15. Konovalova M.E., Korets M.A., Andreev D.Yu., Konovalova A.E., Kardapoltsev A.O., Meidus A.V., Krivobokov L.V., Mukhortova L.V. State forest inventory work using landscape metrics in protected areas. Proceedings of the Mordovian State Nature Reserve named after P.G. Smidovich, 2021, no. 28, pp. 102- 109. (In Russ.)

16. Krivobokov L.V., Mukhortova L.V. Typological diversity and ecological and geographical characteristics of the forest cover of Southern Evenkia. The study of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: history and modernity: abstr. of the int. sci. conf. dedic. to the 150th anniversary of the Sevastopol Biological Station – the A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the South Seas and the 45th anniversary of the NIS “Professor Vodianitsky”. Sevastopol, 2021, pp. 124-125. (In Russ.)

17. Polikarpov N.P., Chebakova N.M., Nazimova D.I. Climate and mountain forests of Southern Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986. 226 p. (In Russ.)

18. Shapiro S.S., Wilk M.B. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 1965, vol. 52, no. 3/4, pp. 591–611. DOI: 10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591.

19. Shapiro S.S., Wilk M.B., Chen H.J. A comparative study of various tests for normality. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1968, vol. 63, no. 324, pp. 1343–1372. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1968.10480932.

20. Slezák M., Hrivnák R. How do environmental variables shape plant species diversity and composition in beech forests of Central Slovakia? Biologia, 2019, vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 1295-1301. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00316-w.

21. Sysuev V.V., Sharyi P.A. Identification of types of habitat conditions for forest management by the site method. Forestry science, 2000, no. 5, pp. 10–19. (In Russ.)

22. Tinya F., Kovács B., Bidló A., Dima B., Király I., Kutszegi G., Lakatos F., Mag Z., Márialigeti S., Nascimbene J., Samu F. Environmental drivers of forest biodiversity in temperate mixed forests – A multi-taxon approach. Sci. Total Env., 2021, vol. 795, art. no. 148720. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148720.