Component composition of essential oils of needles of Pinus contorta Dougl. and Pinus sylvestris L. in experimental cultures of Syktyvkar forest district of the Komi Republic

The component composition of essential oils of the introduced species of lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl. and the local Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. needles was studied in experimental cultures of the Syktyvkar forestry of the Komi Republic (61°39’ N 50°41’ E). The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from mixed samples of fresh needles of different ages. The yield of essential oil was 0,35% and 1,64% based on the absolutely dry weight of needles in lodgepole pine and Scots pine, respectively. Chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis revealed 41 components in the essential oil of needles for each species. The monoterpene fraction dominates in the composition, which is typical for many pine species and conifers in general. The composition of essential oils between species differs by one component: limonene was not detected in lodgepole pine needles, while βphellandrene was not detected in Scots pine needles. Significant differences are observed in the yield of matching components of the introduced and native species. The major components in the essential oil of lodgepole pine needles are β-phellandrene (38,99%), βpinene (28,56%), α-pinene (7,34%) and α-terpineol (6,49%). β-myrcene (2,15%), αphellandrene (1,95%) and α-terpinolene (1,71%) are present in smaller quantities. The content of other components is less than 1%. The superiority of β-phellandrene and β-pinene over other components is also characteristic of the essential oil of lodgepole pine needles from natural area. In the composition of essential oils of Scots pine needles, 53,46% is αpinene, followed by 3-carene (8,55%), τ-cadinol (4,37%), camphene (4,28%) and α-cadinol (4,26%), β-pinene (3,46%), β-cadinene (2,77%), bornyl acetate (2,18%), β-myrcene (1,61%), limonene (1,45%), α-terpinolene (1,31%), α-terpineol (1,21%), α-muurolene (1,01%) and tricyclene (1%). The content of other components is less than 1%. High content of α-pinene is typical for Scots pine in the European part of its range.

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