So far quite sufficient regulation and practical experience in forest use management for hunting and hunting infrastructure establishment have been developed; however, some points of semi-free animal management have not been covered sufficiently findings in animal enclosure management study specifics in hunting management in Russian Federation steppe zone conditions. It was found that in forest area lease conditions using an enclosure for semi-free management of games provided 1 or more roe deer unit per 1 ha results in hunting ground quality decrease over 1 year. In the meantime undergrowth and hardwood species regeneration decreases gradually and soil mineralization grows and grass species diversity in soil cover diminishes. Due to animal eating of foliage and small branches up to 2–2.5 m height from soil cover visibility raises. Debris and tree mortality grows. 10–14 years after game enclosure management additional operations to remove debris and deadwood, thinning, to prevent root rot and other tree disease outbreaks are needed. Intensive enclosure use over 10 or more years with 1 or more roe deer unit per 1 ha requires enclosed forest area replacement with another one. It is offered to set forest area lease duration with enclosed game management with animal density exceeding optimal ungulate density no more than 1 revision period (10 years). Moreover, in steppe zone conditions in available solid big forest areas it makes sense to practice forest area lease for free ungulate game management. Wich necessary bio-technical operations and area protection against poachers it will enable sufficient ungulate animal livestock in a leased area without hunting ground quality decrease and forest stand damage minimization.

The study of qualitative characteristics of pine and spruce wood grown under intensive technology in plantation crops in the Leningrad region has been carried out. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pine and spruce wood volumes under short-rotation intensive forest growing allow obtaining raw materials for pulp and paper production. Experimental pulping has shown the principal possibility of using this wood for pulp production suitable for cardboard and technical paper production. On the basis of the analysis of calculations of the balance productivity of pine and spruce plantations grown under the short-rotation scheme, it is possible to determine the optimal growing regime for these plantations from the point of view of obtaining the maximum volume of marketable unbleached pulp. When growing pine plantations for balance wood for pulp and paper industry, the optimum density and stock is the variant with the density of 1200 trees by the cutting age of 40 years. For spruce plantations the optimums in terms of non-white pulp yield were plantations with stock and density in the range of 1100–1600 trees per hectare. At intensive forest growing these regimes of density control for pine and spruce plantations are optimal for obtaining the maximum amount of raw material for pulp production.

The survival, growth, and wood structure of 24-year-old spruce crops planted as seedlings and saplings using different soil pre-treatment methods (forest floor removal, mounding, without soil pre-treatment) were studied. The study showed that owing to higher resistance to some adverse environmental impacts the survival rate of largesized saplings by the middle of the third decade was 92%, whereas the survival rate of seedlings at the same age was 29%. Spruce crops planted as saplings had the growth parameters of quality class I, with height and diameter 2-2.5-fold greater and average tree volume 5-8-fold greater than in crops planted as seedlings. It has been established that the method of pre-treating soil influenced the radial increment during the first decade and the type of stocking material – until the end of the second decade. The greater wood increment in saplings is due to the formation of a larger number of earlywood tracheid rows and thicker-walled tracheids in early- and late wood (by 30 and 9%, respectively). Notwithstanding the variable percentage of latewood in saplings, this increment quality did not go below the average levels (16–23%) typically found in naturally growing spruce stands in European Russia. In the future, the results of the study can be used to substantiate the regimes for target-oriented cultivation of spruce through selection of the stocking material, soil pre-treatment methods and crop density regulation to get timber with low content of latewood tracheids and resinous substances for the pulp-and-paper industry or crops with dense, uniformly structured wood for high-grade saw timber.

An accuracy of mass stocktaking in roundwood stacks with use of innovative method, based on 3D-modelling of results of UAV survey. Comparison of parameters, obtained by the innovative method with total measurements has shown the absence of any significant differences. At the same time, the methodology, based on UAV survey use, allows to reduce labor costs for stacks measurements, to take into account the terrain shape and folding gaps, to measure hard-to-reach areas, also getting actual proofable data on stacks geometry. The use of UAV in mass stocktaking of roundwood stacks is promising and is of great interest for practice.

The paper reports on the resource potential of forests in the Pechora River basin according to the data of the state recording of forests and the state forest register of 11 forest districts, the Pechora-Ilych Biosphere Reserve and the Yugyd Va National Park. It analyses the changes in the forest fund of the Pechora basin from 1998 to 2021. For this period, the forest-covered area changed by 2% and became 16.8 million hectares. The stand of timber per hectare increased by 7% mainly due to the increased ratio of mature and overmature stands. The potential timber resources on the territory of the Pechora River basin equaled 1448,8 million m3 in 2021. They mainly consisted of coniferous tree species, by 90% (normally spruce and pine). The forest fund dynamics of the basin was associated with a reduced volume of timber logging over the past 30 years. The Upper and Middle Pechora forest-economic districts include the main exploitation forest fund amounting to 679,6 million m3 timber. 83,8% of it are mature and overmature tree stands. In this forest fund of the Pechora basin, the percent of commercial timber is 78 in coniferous and 50 in deciduous stands. The authors have evaluated additional forest resources as stumps, roots, branches, bark, needles, and leaves of tree plants and shrubs (373,6 million tons in the exploitation forest fund of the Pechora basin). 58 million tons of phytomass or 27 million tons of carbon accumulate annually in the forest phytocenoses of the Pechora region. 63,5% of this value is sequestrated by stands, mainly by coniferous trees. The forests of the region are rich in secondary forest resources (mushrooms, berries, medicinal and honey plants, forest pastures, hayfields, etc.). 54% of the forest-covered area of the Pechora River basin is protective forests. This index is relatively high as compared to a number of well-developed regions of Russia. The importance of the environmental and protective functions of the Pechora forests is highlighted, especially for the most vulnerable northern territories of the Pechora region known for extraction, transportation and processing of raw hydrocarbons. The paper concludes on the prospect of using an intensive forest management model for the forests of the Pechora River basin.

The article gives an overview of the history of the Spasogubsky Botanical Reserve (BR, Zakaznik) established to conserve curly (or Karelian) birch, Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti. The reserve is one of the oldest and largest of the kind not just in the Republic of Karelia but also in the whole of Russia. Its almost 100-year-long history is conventionally broken down into four time periods based both on the life span of populations as well as on the provenance of the constituent trees, considering that the original natural stands of the reserve were later replaced by those planted in situ. The valuation parameters of the original stand at the time of official designation as a nature reserve and the characteristics of the curly birch plus trees identified within it are provided. We demonstrate that by the beginning of the 21^st century, illegal logging and natural losses have almost totally ruined the natural population within this reserve: only 4 of the original 262 curly birch trees have survived. Analysis is given also for the outcome of restoring the reserve using the seed progeny produced through controlled pollination of trees of local provenance, which proved to be far worse than expected: of the 1600 plants, not more than 200 have survived 16 years after planting, and even these are mostly in a suppressed condition. This was arguably primarily a consequence of the absence of silvicultural tending, which results in an active displacement of curly birch by other species and above all aspen. The conclusion from our studies and other available data is that by the beginning of the 21^st century curly birch in this nature reserve, as well as in Karelia at large, found itself on the verge of extinction, and the problem of preserving it and restoring its gene pool has become particularly acute. Thus, preserving the genetic resources of this unique forest tree is an important task for the state, which requires thorough elaboration and adoption of long-term programs and substantial financial resources, which would be easier to find by combining regional and federal funding. In addition to substantial financial allocations, it is also necessary to train qualified personnel, to work out and adopt certain statutory regulations, and to raise awareness using mass media.

Currently, the use of decorative stony compositions in the urban landscaping system is again becoming one of the relevant directions. Strict selection of plants showing the greatest stability in the climatic conditions of the region and the ecological conditions of cities is of great importance. The article presents the experience of creating rockeries on the territory of the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS). The work was mainly carried out on the basis of the analysis of the consolidated list of rock ornamental herbaceous perennials from the collection fund of the department (currently – laboratory) of ornamental plants, including 108 names. Changes in the taxonomic composition of the species used in the course of long-term experiments have been studied. It was revealed that the most stable and promising for widespread use in stony compositions are representatives of the families Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Geraniaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Cistaceae and Crassulaceae. When comparing geographical conditions, it was found that the analyzed experiment was dominated by species-representatives of the flora of North America, the Caucasus, East Asia, Eurasia and Europe (primarily species from Southern Europe). Therefore, it is legitimate to consider them the most promising donor regions for attracting ornamental herbaceous plants, which are later used in rockeries. The regularity of the distribution of the studied plants according to their ecological relevance is analyzed. It has been revealed that mountain species dominate (35.2% of the total number used in the field experiment), forest species account for 28.3%, 12.7% of species are characterized by their association with meadow communities.

To determine the further strategy of conservation and maintenance of artificial plantings of the green belt of Astana, it was necessary to assess the vital condition of woody and shrubby plants, which became the primary task of our research. For this purpose, ground-based taxational observations were carried out, multispectral data of remote sensing of the Earth (remote sensing) and GIS tools were used. The purpose of the research was to determine the areas of weakened and dying forest crops in the green belt of Astana using remote sensing data. The research methodology consisted in laying reference plots in forest crops of various species composition and age, in which trees were taxed and their vital condition was determined. Based on the decoding of multispectral images of reference sites, the identification of the rock composition and the living condition of artificial plantings of the entire green zone of Astana was carried out. As a result of ground-based research and remote sensing data processing, it was revealed that in the green belt of Astana, the main area is occupied by forest crops related to the «weakened» state of life – 40.3%. «Healthy» forest crops occupy 31.5% of the area, «dying» – 28.3%.

On the base of analysis of the best international practice and original observations the influence of different linear technogenic objects on birds is evaluated – such as railways and roads, bridges, power lines, hydraulic structures, fences and barriers, artificially planted vegetation, as well as elements of accompanying infrastructure (telephone and telegraph poles, lighting elements, etc.). Factors of positive and negative effects of the linear technogenic objects on the ornithofauna are revealed. It is shown that the anthropogenic effects on ornithofauna should be estimated as a complex, on the base of the system approach – as well as the linear objects themselves, which represent a complex consisting of the linear object proper and accompanying infrastructure.

The study is devoted to solving the problem of restoring radical (conditionally radical) spruce forests after cutting of birch forest stands. The purpose is to establish the optimal age of dark coniferous trees growing in the lower story of secondary soft– leaved forest stands for the successful restoration of a cut down area and reduction of period before cutting final stand too. The criterion was a change in the radial growth of trees preserved after cutting. Wood samples from undergrowth and undersized trees aged from 10 to 90 years were taken. The most active positive reaction of spruce and fir trees to changes of the forest environment conditions at the age of 40-50 years was noted. With a sufficient number and good condition of dark coniferous trees this age is the most promising for the formation of dark coniferous forests. In relation to them the age for cedar comes later by 15-20 years and is 60-65 years. It was found that the growth rate of healthy spruce, fir and cedar trees in diameter before and the first years after cutting are closely related. During the stand growth this connection may weaken. After cutting an increase of radial growth in healthy trees is accompanied by a

significant increases their height growth unlike trees that have any deviations from the norm (high, sparse, oval or spherical crown). The radial growth and apical growth in the healthy trees accordingly are 2.6–3.6 and 3.5–6.1 higher than trees with deviations from the norm. As a result of the high damage of fir trees the stand composition should be regulated in the direction of increasing the participation of spruce and cedar trees. For a dark coniferous forests form and shortening the period before cutting the improvement cuttings for spruce, fir and cedar must be carried out at the initial stages of the birch secondary forests formation.

The relevance of the work is due to the severity of environmental problems of urbanized territories and the need to reduce urban air pollution. In this context, the prickly spruce, in particular its shape with a blue color of needles (Picea pungens Engelm., f. glauca), is very effective. In this regard, the dust-retaining ability of needles was studied, as well as the parameters forming the leaf surface of the crown. The object of research were reproductively mature trees of the same age of the specified species growing in three functional zones of Nizhny Novgorod with varying degrees of anthropogenic pollution. According to the forest-growing zoning, the locations of the experimental plots belong to the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests, coniferous-deciduous forest area of the European part of the Russian Federation (3 forest-growing area). The work was carried out by field and laboratory methods. Biological sampling was carried out with differentiation in height and location relative to pollution sources. A comparative assessment of the surface of needles and its dust-retaining ability in trees of this breed growing in different functional zones of the city is given. The individual phenotypic variability of the studied parameters of the accounting trees is shown and the differences in them associated with placement on sites characterized by unequal levels of anthropogenic pollution are determined. The physical mass of dust washed off from one test sample with a fixed area of its leaf surface varied from 0.01±0.001 g to 0.04±0.003 g. The dust retention capacity took values from 148.48±22,809 mg/m² to 490±39,300 mg/m². The conclusion is made about the ability of the prickly spruce to form a well-developed leaf apparatus in the conditions of landscaping facilities in Nizhny Novgorod, the power of which is sufficient for the effective performance of its performance by trees that have reached the reproductive phase of ontogenesis, dust-retaining function.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the assortment of classical gardens of southeast China from the point of view of the origin of the plants used and their cultural significance in the life of ethnic groups living in this area. It has been established that the same species can be included in the list of the most important medicinal plants, have applications in cooking and in everyday life, and be used in traditional gardens. As an example, one of the oldest gardens in Nanjing, Xuyuan, was considered. It occupies an important place in the history of China and has been preserved almost in its original form during the reign of two dynasties and the period of the Republic of China. A comprehensive analysis of 49 plant species of the Xuyuan Garden was carried out, it was revealed that among them only 4 species are introduced that have no connection with Chinese culture, 42 species naturally grow exactly where Jiangsu Province is located, and only 3 species of Chinese plants originate from plant zones far from Jiangsu – on the Tibetan Plateau and Taiwan island. All Chinese types of the Xuyuan Garden have traditionally been used in medicine, cooking, construction and other industries vital to humans, and 42 have sacred meanings. This allows us to conclude that the ethno-cultural principle is at the heart of the assortment of Chinese gardens.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of interaction between forestry and hunting economy, which arose as a result of the abolition of on-farm game management project, and the search for solutions to establish constructive interaction between the above-mentioned sectors of the economy. The Strategy for the development of the hunting economy in the Russian Federation until 2030 includes, among other things, the coordination of legal norms of the forest and hunting legislation of the Russian Federation among the main measures for the development of the hunting economy. Therefore, the return of on-farm game management project to the regulatory and methodological framework, the science and practice of forestry and hunting economy will also serve to fulfill this task. In the regulatory framework that appeared after 07/24/2009, the hunting economy as a territorial and economic unit turned into a «hunting ground». Hunting grounds turned into «elements of the habitat of hunting resources» and hunting animals became «hunting resources». In this article, the author will use the concepts of «hunting economy» and «hunting grounds», as well as «hunting animals» in the classical understanding of forest and hunting science. On- farm game management project is an inventory of the resources of a particular hunting farm and the development of a project for the rational use of these resources and their reproduction based on a systematic approach. It is extremely important to understand the need for constructive interaction between forestry and hunting economy and the enormous importance for forestry of forest animals and birds as part of the zoocenosis of Vladimir Nikolaevich Sukachev's idea that «the specificity of the animal world depending on certain forms of forest and the strong dependence of a number of phenomena occurring in them on animals is one of the signs that characterize the forest as biogeocenosis». Against the background of the abolition of on-farm game management project, the problem with the list (types) and norms (standard) of biotechnical measures is particularly acute. This is a very important issue, since the volumes of projected and actually carried out biotechnical measures represent a detail of the mechanism of influence of hunting economy on forestry. It is necessary, by analogy with the Forest Management Instruction, to develop and approve a Game Management Project Instruction, which will become a single methodological foundation for game management project.

The article deals with the problem of using logging residues of the logging industry for the production of fuel chips. Fuel chips are a more environmentally friendly type of fuel compared to coal and fuel oil. When it is burned, a small amount of carbon dioxide is released. Switching to fuel chips is preferable for regions where timber is harvested and there is a lot of logging waste that needs to be rationally used, for example, for heating forest villages, timber processing enterprises and nearby settlements. To do this, it is necessary to solve the problem of timely preparation of fuel chips at those points where it will be used for heating in the future. The article presents a mathematical model of the transport task of compiling an agreed schedule for the movement of several mobile chipping plants between boiler stations, taking into account the performance of the plants and the needs of the serviced points. The mathematical model is intended for long-term planning of the operation of mobile units for the entire heating season from September to May and the period of preparation for the heating season (August) – the time during which the chippers will visit all boiler stations as many times as necessary according to the needs of boiler stations. The model takes into account the productivity of installations, fuel reserves in boiler points and the distance between points. An example of the operation of two mobile units for servicing four boiler stations is given. The implementation of the obtained mathematical models in practice will allow the regions to switch to local fuels, and thereby reduce the cost of thermal energy and at the same time solve the problem of processing wood waste.

The work is devoted to the development of technological machines in the field of forestry. The lagging behind in the development of forestry has led to a decrease in reforestation and, as a result, to a decline in timber production. The problems of the Russian timber industry complex require the creation of high-tech machines for uprooting. As a promising direction to facilitate the uprooting process, vibration methods of influence are indicated. The main stages of development of this direction and the authors of the created machines are given. The implementation of the possibilities of using vibration is carried out in the concept of a rooting machine based on a caterpillar felling unit with a manipulator equipped with a gripping device with vibration equipment. When choosing the type of vibration, two options were considered – these are vertical longitudinal and torsional vibrations. The effectiveness of the concept of this machine is confirmed by analytical and experimental studies. The result was the obtaining of optimal intervals of disturbing frequencies. Since the machine is subjected to heavy loads, the gripper used in the LP-19 did not fit and it became necessary to create a special design of the gripper. To apply longitudinal and torsional vibrations to this machine, two design schemes were used. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of longitudinal and torsional vibrations during uprooting was carried out, the results are presented in the power table. Based on the results of the work, the following conclusions were drawn: the proposed design of the machine for uprooting with vibration fully realizes the advantages of the mathematical model, in which the vibration effect reaches its maximum efficiency; allows you to uproot trees and stumps; is universal, as it can carry out uprooting, storage and loading of products for transport, as well as cleaning the root system from the soil after extracting the butt using vibration.

In the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region, coniferous forests predominate, and first of all, stands of European spruce (Pícea ábies), which are undergoing active economic development. One of the main reasons for the decreasing of spruce stands merchantable structure is the impact of wood-destroying fungi. Basidial fungi are most common in the spruce stands of the research area: root rot (Heterobasidion annosum (Fr) Bref), and spruce rot (Phellinus chrysoloma), causing variegated corrosive root and stem rot. The disease leads to the loss of part of the commercial wood, causes the windbreak and a windblow formation. In this regard, it is of interest to study the process of rotting wood and the possibility of using rot-damaged wood. Coniferous wood was cooked under laboratory conditions. It is established that in production conditions it is possible to use spruce wood affected by corrosive rot no higher than stage 1 without a significant decrease in the quality of the semi-finished product. Cellulose obtained from spruce wood damaged by rot of stages 2, 3 and 4 is characterized by a lower yield of cellulose compared to a sample obtained from healthy wood. The structural and morphological characteristics of cellulose fibers from damaged wood have specific features. Many questions regarding pathogenic fungi that cause the main diseases of conifers remain insufficiently studied.

The production of many materials and wood products depends on the technological operation of gluing. At the same time, the result of this technological operation is influenced by the characteristics of the adhesive composition, wood and external factors. To obtain a waterproof material, it is necessary to use a resin with appropriate indicators for gluing, for example, melamine urea formaldehyde resin with a melamine content of 20%. For a more detailed influence on the performance of products, it is possible to use various modifying additives. The nature of the interaction of adhesive compositions and wood is determined by the forces of mutual attraction of molecules, adhesion bonds are formed. When applying the adhesive composition on the surface of the veneer, the shape of the free surface of the liquid depends on the ratio of the surface tension forces at the phase boundary, on the intermolecular interaction of the adhesive composition with the surface of the veneer. To destroy the system of mutual attraction of the adhesive layer and the surface of the substrate, it is necessary to overcome the force by spending work (adhesion work). The study of the mechanism and basic patterns of interaction between the adhesive composition and the surface of the veneer during the application process will allow you to correctly select the amount and type of modifiers, adjusting the main characteristics of the adhesive composition and the surface of the veneer during the formation of the adhesive joint. To evaluate the work of adhesion and patterns of wetting and spreading, melamine urea formaldehyde resin and modifiers were used: technical aerosil, dolomite flour and technical lignosulfonates. The results of determining the critical surface tension and the work of adhesion are presented. It was determined that the optimal amount of modifiers is 10 mass parts. With this amount, good wetting ability is observed while ensuring the necessary strength of the finished product.

Currently, the issue of increasing the efficiency of wood waste processing is relevant. Wood processing waste is a raw material for the production of a wide range of wood consumer goods or serves as raw materials in the production of non-wood materials. There are various directions for processing wood waste to produce various materials, including the use of bulk wood waste, where they must be crushed to wood flour. From a technological and energy point of view, the shredding of wood waste should be carried out by cutting. The article proposes a technology and equipment for deep crushing of bulk woodworking waste in order to obtain the final product in the form of wood flour. In the shredder, rough destruction of chips occurs under the action of knives. Then, in the first cutting plane, due to rotating blade metal plates, the primary grinding of the material takes place, its further passage through the through holes of the counter knife plate and additional grinding in the second cutting plane, followed by the exit of the finished product from the shredder. Experiments have shown that with an increase in the cutting speed, as well as with a decrease in the pitch of the knives, the amount of feed to the knife decreases, and therefore the size of the crushed particles decreases. The final product of the device is wood flour in the form of wood particles, 95% of which passes through a 1,25×1,25 mm sieve. It has been established that the crushing of bulk wood waste is rationally carried out not by impact, not by abrasion, but by cutting, as the most effective method.

During the thermochemical modification of dry wood with impregnating compositions at elevated temperatures, the processes of impregnation and movement of impregnating substances under the action of capillary pressure, after absorption of the composition deep into the wood, and also under the influence of excess pressure in the autoclave predominate. The purpose of the work is to increase dimensional stability, water resistance and improve the performance properties of wood products modified with a urea solution. With a large pressure gradient, which is observed during modification, it is on the membranes of intercellular pores that gas bubbles form, which increase in size, and then burst under pressure and are filled with solution. To stabilize the shape and size of such wood, a urea solution was used and impregnated in a manually operated autoclave at elevated temperature and pressure. Wood modification with urea is associated with polycondensation processes of urea, lignin and readily available hemicellulose fractions. Urea enters into association with the hydroxyl groups of wood components to form hydrogen bonds. To obtain maximum density, and therefore, in the future, maximum strength, the moisture content in the wood must be greater than that required for reactions in which water is involved. Impregnation of wood with a solution of urea of varying concentrations (based on the mass of dry wood) followed by drying occurs when urea combines with the components of the wood, thereby compacting it, giving the workpieces increased dimensional stability and water resistance. Modification with urea occurs mainly due to the penetration of the solution through the pores of cellulose capillaries in the cell walls due to the pressure difference. For theory and practice the mechanism of moisture transfer in wood during its drying is important. This mechanism is different regarding free and bound water; at the beginning of the drying process, surface evaporation will cause a decrease in the moisture content of the outer layers. When the free moisture from the surface has been partially removed, a capillary pressure difference appears between the inner layers and the surface, ensuring the suction of free moisture to the surface as it evaporates. The drying rate in this period is constant and is determined by the intensity of moisture evaporation from the surface. When physically modeling the process of impregnation of coniferous wood (pine, spruce), the liquid spreads along the tracheids. When modeling the process of impregnation of hardwood (aspen), the liquid spreads mainly through large vessels in the early zone, flowing from vessel to vessel through pores and ladder perforations.

Chalcogenide glasses and films based on arsenic selenides containing metal iodides have unique properties and great practical application. They are transparent in the IR range of the spectrum, have low sensitivity to impurities and high chemical resistance in aggressive environments. Glassy semiconductors are used in the production of equipment and devices in the optical industry, as components of biochips, as well as materials for membranes of ion-selective electrodes. To synthesize ZnI₂-PbI₂-As₂Se₃ glasses, zinc iodide (reagent grade), lead iodide (reagent grade), and arsenic triselenide (high grade) were used. Glasses were synthesized at a maximum temperature of 900 ºC in evacuated quartz ampoules. When the maximum synthesis temperature was reached, the ampoules with the melt were kept for 12 hours with constant stirring, then the melt was quenched in water with ice. Chalcogenide films ZnI₂-PbI₂-As₂Se₃ were synthesized from the solutions of chalcogenide glasses in n-butylamine and also the specific electroconductivity of films has been investigated. It was founded, that electroconductivity of chalcogenide glasses and films of a similar composition practically do not differ. For the first time, chemical sensors based on ZnI₂-PbI₂-As₂Se₃ film membranes have been obtained for the direct determination of zinc content in aqueous solutions. The lower limit of detection of Zn²⁺ cations for most of the studied membranes is 10^–7 mol/l, and the Nernst region of the electrode function is 10^–6–10^–1 mol/l. Film electrodes are practically not inferior to chalcogenide glass electrodes in selectivity.

The paper shows the possibility of using eucalyptus sulfate cellulose both as an independent fiber and in a mixture with coniferous when creating a cellulose composite material for collecting biological samples. The influence of the eucalyptus pulp grinding process on the physico-mechanical, structural and absorbent properties of the CСМ is shown. The study of the influence of eucalyptus cellulose on the physico-mechanical, structural and absorbent properties of handsheets has shown that the use of a different ratio of fibrous semi-finished products allows achieving a balance between the high physico-mechanical and absorbent properties of ССМ for collecting biological samples. Impregnation of the material with a lysing solution in accordance with FTA technology leads to a decrease in physical and mechanical properties by 60–70%, in absorbent properties by 12–15%. Due to changes in the capillary-porous structure, there is an increase in plumpness by 20–45% and air permeability by 75–85%, depending on the fiber composition and the degree of grinding of eucalyptus cellulose. Two ССМ compositions have been developed for the collection and storage of biomaterials: composition No.1 is a mixture of coniferous and eucalyptus cellulose with a refining degree of 17°SR, providing high absorbency and strength properties of CCM, which will ensure the collection of biological samples: softwood sulfate cellulose 75% – eucalyptus sulfate cellulose 25%; composition No.2 is a mixture of coniferous and eucalyptus cellulose with a refining degree of 21°SR, providing higher physical and mechanical properties, but with lower absorbency and cost, which will ensure not only collection, but reliable storage and safe transportation of biological samples from anywhere in our country: softwood sulfate cellulose 50% – eucalyptus sulfate cellulose 50%.